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Foes
Foes

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Foes is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Foes
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.
The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.
The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.
He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.
She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Foes

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Foes is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.
Line 2
The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.
/ðə ˈsɪŋɪŋ striːm ræn ˈklɪrli ðə skaɪ ɑːrtʃt bluː əˈbʌv/
Line 3
The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.
/ðə er held kɑːm ənd faɪn fɪld æz ɪt wɜːr wɪð ˈɡoʊldən pɔɪnts/
Line 4
He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.
Line 5
She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.
/ʃiː sæt ɪn ðə ˈdɔːrweɪ æn oʊld waɪz waɪf ˈæktɪv stɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arched adjective US /ɑːrtʃt/

constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches

From this reading “The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.”

brood verb US /bruːd/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading “He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.”

cot noun US /kɑːt/

a sheath worn to protect a finger

From this reading “Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.”

drone noun US /droʊn/

stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen

From this reading “He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.”

feather verb US /ˈfeðər/

join tongue and groove, in carpentry

From this reading “Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.”

glen noun US /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading “Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.”

hen noun US /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading “He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.”

Strickland noun US /ˈstrɪklənd/

United States architect and student of Latrobe (1787-1854)

From this reading “Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

archedadjectiveUS /ɑːrtʃt/

constructed with or in the form of an arch or arches

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

Binning's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

broodverbUS /bruːd/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

cotnounUS /kɑːt/

a sheath worn to protect a finger

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

doorwaynounUS /ˈdɔːrweɪ/

the entrance (the space in a wall) through which you enter or leave a room or building; the space that a door can close

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

dronenounUS /droʊn/

stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

featherverbUS /ˈfeðər/

join tongue and groove, in carpentry

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

glennounUS /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

hennounUS /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The singing stream ran clearly, the sky arched blue above.

StricklandnounUS /ˈstrɪklənd/

United States architect and student of Latrobe (1787-1854)

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Strickland, in the deep summer glen, saw before him the feather of smoke from Mother Binning's cot.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading He met a white hen and her brood, he heard the slow drone of Mother Binning's wheel.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading She sat in the doorway, an old wise wife, active still.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The air held calm and fine, filled as it were with golden points.

Chapter 31 of Foes by Mary Johnston holds 178 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Foes contain?

Chapter 31 holds 178 sentences of Foes, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Foes by Mary Johnston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 178 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Foes?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Foes

Common questions about reading Foes by Mary Johnston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Foes?

Yes. All 7467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Foes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Foes take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1494 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Foes section by section

How to work through Foes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Foes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Foes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Foes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Binning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whiles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.