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Followers of the Trail
Followers of the Trail

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Followers of the Trail is here in full — 487 sentences across 98 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Followers of the Trail
Context Illustration Reading 1/97 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.
The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.
The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.
As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.
In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Followers of the Trail

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Followers of the Trail is here in full — 487 sentences across 98 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/97 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.
/æz ðə lɔːŋ ˈwɪntər dræɡd ɑːn fuːd bɪˈkeɪm mɔːr skers/
Line 2
The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.
/ðə ɡraʊnd hæd bɪn krɑːpt kliːn ʌv ˈlaɪkənz ənd mɔːs ənd ɪt wɑːz ˈnesəseri tuː riːtʃ haɪ fɔːr ðə ˈbɔːlsəm twɪɡz/
Line 3
The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.
Line 4
As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.
/æz ɪt wɑːz ðer saɪdz ɡruː liːn ənd ðer skɪn hʌŋ ˈluːsli əˈpɑːn ðem/
Line 5
In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antlers noun US /ˈæntlərz/

plural of “antler” — deciduous horn of a member of the deer family

From this reading “In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.”

balsam noun US /ˈbɔːlsəm/

any seed plant yielding balsam

From this reading “The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.”

cropped adjective US /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading “The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.”

fared verb US /ferd/

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading “The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.”

lichens noun US /ˈlaɪkənz/

plural of “lichen” — any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading “The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.”

loosely adverb US /ˈluːsli/

in a relaxed manner; not rigid

From this reading “As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.”

sniffed verb US /snɪft/

past form of “sniff” — perceive by inhaling through the nose

From this reading “In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.”

twigs noun US /twɪɡz/

plural of “twig” — a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year

From this reading “The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

antlersnounUS /ˈæntlərz/

plural of “antler” — deciduous horn of a member of the deer family

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

balsamnounUS /ˈbɔːlsəm/

any seed plant yielding balsam

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

bendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

buckverbUS /bʌk/

to strive with determination

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

croppedadjectiveUS /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

curiouslyadverbUS /ˈkjʊriəsli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

doenounUS /doʊ/

the federal department responsible for maintaining a national energy policy of the United States; created in 1977

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

draggedverbUS /dræɡd/

inflected form of “drag” — pull, as against a resistance

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

faredverbUS /ferd/

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

fawns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

leanverbUS /liːn/

to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

lichensnounUS /ˈlaɪkənz/

plural of “lichen” — any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

looselyadverbUS /ˈluːsli/

in a relaxed manner; not rigid

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

mossnounUS /mɔːs/

tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

sniffedverbUS /snɪft/

past form of “sniff” — perceive by inhaling through the nose

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

twigsnounUS /twɪɡz/

plural of “twig” — a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading As it was, their sides grew lean and their skin hung loosely upon them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The ground had been cropped clean of lichens and moss and it was necessary to reach high for the balsam twigs.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In March the big buck shed his antlers, leaving them lying upon the snow where the fawns sniffed curiously at them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading As the long winter dragged on, food became more scarce.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The doe and fawns would have fared ill had not the buck helped them by bending down the higher branches which only he could reach.

Chapter 4 of Followers of the Trail by Zoe Meyer holds 487 sentences, grouped into 98 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Followers of the Trail contain?

Chapter 4 holds 487 sentences of Followers of the Trail, unabridged, divided into 98 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Followers of the Trail by Zoe Meyer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 487 sentences, grouped into 98 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Followers of the Trail?

Work through the 98 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 98 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Followers of the Trail

Common questions about reading Followers of the Trail by Zoe Meyer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Followers of the Trail?

Yes. All 1944 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #22311 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Followers of the Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #22311, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Followers of the Trail take to read?

About 162 minutes of reading across 389 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Followers of the Trail section by section

How to work through Followers of the Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Followers of the Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Followers of the Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in Followers of the Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Twins
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Followers of the Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
White
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Followers of the Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hermit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Followers of the Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Forest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Followers of the Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.