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For the Defence
For the Defence

Chapter III · Dido

Chapter III of For the Defence, “Dido,” is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.
Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.
The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.
When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.
She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

For the Defence

Chapter III · Dido

Chapter III of For the Defence, “Dido,” is here in full — 144 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.
/sʌm ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪstəns frʌm ðə ˈmeɪdʒərz əˈboʊd stʊd ə lɔːŋ loʊ ˈræmblɪŋ haʊs ɑːn ə slaɪt raɪz/
Line 2
Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.
Line 3
The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.
/ðə ˈmænʃən wɪð ɪts flæt ruːf ənd waɪd vərˈændəz hæd ə ˈtrɑːpɪkəl lʊk ənd ˌɪnˈdiːd ɪt hæd bɪn bɪlt baɪ ə rɪˈtaɪrd ˈɪndiən ˈnæbɑːb æt ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðɪs ˈsentʃəri/
Line 4
When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.
/wen hiː daɪd ðə haʊs hæd bɪn soʊld ənd naʊ ɪt wɑːz ˈɑːkjəpaɪd baɪ ˈmɪsɪz ˈdæləs huː liːst ɪt bɪˈkɔːz ʌv ɪts səˈdʒestʃən ʌv ˈtrɑːpɪkəl ˌhæbəˈteɪʃən/
Line 5
She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.
/ʃiː keɪm frʌm ðə west ˈɪndiz ənd hæd lɪvd ɪn ðə ˈwɪɡwɑːm æz ðə haʊs wɑːz kɔːld fɔːr ˈoʊvər ten jɪrz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clipped adjective US /klɪpt/

cut or trimmed by clipping

From this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

Dallas noun US /ˈdæləs/

a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas located in the heart of the northern Texas oil fields

From this reading “When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.”

lawns noun US /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

leased adjective US /liːst/

hired for the exclusive temporary use of a group of travelers

From this reading “When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.”

major's noun US /ˈmeɪdʒərz/

possessive form of “major” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain

From this reading “Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.”

nabob noun US /ˈnæbɑːb/

a governor in India during the Mogul empire

From this reading “The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.”

verandas noun US /vərˈændəz/

plural of “veranda” — a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed)

From this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

Wigwam noun US /ˈwɪɡwɑːm/

a Native American lodge frequently having an oval shape and covered with bark or hides

From this reading “She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten years noun + noun

In this reading “She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.”

emerald green noun + noun

In this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

flat roof adjective + noun

In this reading “The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.”

green lawns noun + noun counted as “green lawn”

In this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

high road adjective + noun

In this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

in the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

little distance adjective + noun

In this reading “Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.”

shut out verb + adjective

prevent from entering; shut out

In this reading “Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

ashnounUS /æʃ/

the residue that remains when something is burned

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

beltnounUS /belt/

endless loop of flexible material between two rotating shafts or pulleys

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

clippedadjectiveUS /klɪpt/

cut or trimmed by clipping

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

DallasnounUS /ˈdæləs/

a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas located in the heart of the northern Texas oil fields

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

emeraldnounUS /ˈemrəld/

a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

girdled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

habitationnounUS /ˌhæbəˈteɪʃən/

the native habitat or home of an animal or plant

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

IndiesnounUS /ˈɪndiz/

plural of “indie” — a pop group not affiliated with a major record company

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

lawnsnounUS /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

leasedadjectiveUS /liːst/

hired for the exclusive temporary use of a group of travelers

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

major'snounUS /ˈmeɪdʒərz/

possessive form of “major” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

nabobnounUS /ˈnæbɑːb/

a governor in India during the Mogul empire

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

poplars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

ramblingadjectiveUS /ˈræmblɪŋ/

spreading out in different directions or distributed irregularly

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

shutverbUS /ʃʌt/

move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

smoothlyadverbUS /ˈsmuːðli/

with no problems or difficulties

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

suggestionnounUS /səˈdʒestʃən/

an idea that is suggested

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

SurroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

sycamores

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Some little distance from the major's abode stood a long, low rambling house on a slight rise.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

tropicaladjectiveUS /ˈtrɑːpɪkəl/

relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

verandasnounUS /vərˈændəz/

plural of “veranda” — a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed)

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Surrounded by deep verandas, it was placed in the middle of emerald green lawns, smoothly clipped; and these, lower down, were girdled by a belt of ash and sycamores and poplars, which shut out the house from the high road.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When he died the house had been sold, and now it was occupied by Mrs. Dallas, who leased it because of its suggestion of tropical habitation.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

WigwamnounUS /ˈwɪɡwɑːm/

a Native American lodge frequently having an oval shape and covered with bark or hides

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The mansion, with its flat roof and wide verandas, had a tropical look, and indeed it had been built by a retired Indian nabob at the beginning of this century.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading She came from the West Indies, and had lived in "The Wigwam," as the house was called, for over ten years.

Chapter 3 of For the Defence by Fergus Hume holds 144 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of For the Defence contain?

Chapter 3 holds 144 sentences of For the Defence, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of For the Defence by Fergus Hume exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 144 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of For the Defence?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading For the Defence

Common questions about reading For the Defence by Fergus Hume on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of For the Defence?

Yes. All 4062 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55420 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of For the Defence is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55420, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does For the Defence take to read?

About 338 minutes of reading across 813 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read For the Defence section by section

How to work through For the Defence section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in For the Defence

Words and structures a reader meets early in For the Defence, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Laurence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of For the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Retired
A word that appears in the opening chapter of For the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Major
A word that appears in the opening chapter of For the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bachelor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of For the Defence; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.