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Forest and Frontiers
Forest and Frontiers

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Forest and Frontiers is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thrilling stories.
Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.
Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.
We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.
The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Forest and Frontiers

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Forest and Frontiers is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thrilling stories.
/ˈθrɪlɪŋ ˈstɔːriz/
Line 2
Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.
Line 3
Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.
/ˈbiːɪŋ æn ˈɔːfəsər ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈsɜːrvəs æt ðə keɪp ʌv ɡʊd hoʊp hɪz lʌv ʌv ˈhʌntɪŋ ædˈventʃərz led hɪm tuː rɪˈzaɪn hɪz kəˈmɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈɑːrmi ənd dɪˈvoʊt hɪmˈself fɔːr faɪv jɪrz tuː ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ʌv ˈæfrəkɑː ənd ˈhʌntɪŋ waɪld biːsts/
Line 4
We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.
/wiː ʃæl kwoʊt hɪz oʊn əˈkaʊnt ʌv sʌm ʌv hɪz ædˈventʃərz/
Line 5
The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.
/ðə fɜːrst ˈɪnsədənt ʌv hɪz kərˈɪr tuː wɪtʃ wiː ˌɪnˈvaɪt ðə ˈriːdərz əˈtenʃən ɪz wʌn wɪtʃ hiː kɔːlz æn əˈtæk ɑːn fɔːr ˌpeɪtriˈɑːrkəl ˈlaɪənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventurous adjective US /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading “Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.”

devote verb US /dɪˈvoʊt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading “Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.”

exploring verb US /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading “Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.”

patriarchal adjective US /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːrkəl/

characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line

From this reading “The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.”

quote verb US /kwoʊt/

repeat a passage from

From this reading “We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.”

reader's noun US /ˈriːdərz/

possessive form of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading “The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.”

resign verb US /rɪˈzaɪn/

leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading “Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.”

Thrilling adjective US /ˈθrɪlɪŋ/

causing a surge of emotion or excitement

From this reading “Thrilling stories.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.

adventuresnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

adventurousadjectiveUS /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

Beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

commissionnounUS /kəˈmɪʃən/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

Cumming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

Cumming's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

devoteverbUS /dɪˈvoʊt/

give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

exploringverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

Gordon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

HopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

incidentnounUS /ˈɪnsədənt/

a single distinct event

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

lionsnounUS /ˈlaɪənz/

plural of “lion” — large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.

patriarchaladjectiveUS /ˌpeɪtriˈɑːrkəl/

characteristic of a form of social organization in which the male is the family head and title is traced through the male line

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

quoteverbUS /kwoʊt/

repeat a passage from

From this reading We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.

reader'snounUS /ˈriːdərz/

possessive form of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

resignverbUS /rɪˈzaɪn/

leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

Roualeyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Thrilling stories.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Cumming's attack on four lions The most daring and adventurous of all hunters is Mr. Roualeyn Gordon Cumming.

ThrillingadjectiveUS /ˈθrɪlɪŋ/

causing a surge of emotion or excitement

From this reading Thrilling stories.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We shall quote his own account of some of his adventures.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The first incident of his career, to which we invite the reader's attention, is one which he calls an attack on four patriarchal lions.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Being an officer in the British service at the Cape of Good Hope, his love of hunting adventures led him to resign his commission in the army, and devote himself for five years to exploring the interior of Africa, and hunting wild beasts.

Chapter 1 of Forest and Frontiers by Roualeyn [Contributor] Gordon-Cumming holds 433 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Forest and Frontiers contain?

Chapter 1 holds 433 sentences of Forest and Frontiers, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Forest and Frontiers by Roualeyn [Contributor] Gordon-Cumming exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 433 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Forest and Frontiers?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Forest and Frontiers

Common questions about reading Forest and Frontiers by Roualeyn [Contributor] Gordon-Cumming on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Forest and Frontiers?

Yes. All 1296 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #8411 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Forest and Frontiers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #8411, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Forest and Frontiers take to read?

About 108 minutes of reading across 260 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Forest and Frontiers section by section

How to work through Forest and Frontiers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Forest and Frontiers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Forest and Frontiers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Forest and Frontiers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Thrilling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest and Frontiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest and Frontiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cumming's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest and Frontiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Attack
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest and Frontiers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.