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Forest Life and Forest Trees
Forest Life and Forest Trees

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Forest Life and Forest Trees is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.
--Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.
--Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.
The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.
The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Forest Life and Forest Trees

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Forest Life and Forest Trees is here in full — 102 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.
Line 2
--Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.
Line 3
--Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.
Line 4
The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.
/ðə biːtʃ ɪz ə triː ʌv noʊ ˈɔːrdəneri ˈɪntrəst fɜːrst æz ˈbiːɪŋ mɔːr friː frʌm ˌɪmˈpjʊrətiz ðæn ˈeni triː wɪð wɪtʃ wiː ɑːr əˈkweɪntɪd/
Line 5
The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.
/ðə bɑːrk ɪz ˈveri kliːn ənd smuːð ʌv ə laɪt led ˈkʌlər ˈsprɪŋkəld wɪð faɪn dɑːts ʌv blæk soʊ ðæt ɪt hæz ə ˈɡreɪɪʃ əˈpɪrəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conical adjective US /ˈkɑːnɪkəl/

relating to or resembling a cone

From this reading “--Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.”

dots noun US /dɑːts/

plural of “dot” — a very small circular shape

From this reading “The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.”

Exemption noun US /ɪɡˈzempʃən/

immunity from an obligation or duty

From this reading “Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.”

grayish adjective US /ˈɡreɪɪʃ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading “The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.”

Hemlock noun US /ˈhemlɑːk/

poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium

From this reading “--Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.”

impurities noun US /ˌɪmˈpjʊrətiz/

plural of “impurity” — worthless or dangerous material that should be removed

From this reading “The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.”

Larch noun US /lɑːrtʃ/

wood of a larch tree

From this reading “--Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.”

Poplar noun US /ˈpɑːplər/

soft light-colored non-durable wood of the poplar

From this reading “--Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

free from verb + particle

In this reading “The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.”

sprinkled with verb + particle counted as “sprinkle with”

In this reading “The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.”

ordinary interest noun + noun

In this reading “The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

AEtna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

AppearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

appropriatedverbUS /əˈproʊprieɪtɪd/

past form of “appropriate” — give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

AshnounUS /æʃ/

the residue that remains when something is burned

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

Athol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

BalmnounUS /bɑːm/

any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

Basswoodnoun

soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

BearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

BeautiesnounUS /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

BeechnounUS /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

Beech-trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

Chestnut-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

conicaladjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnɪkəl/

relating to or resembling a cone

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

dotsnounUS /dɑːts/

plural of “dot” — a very small circular shape

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

DukesnounUS /duːks/

plural of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

EffortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

ExemptionnounUS /ɪɡˈzempʃən/

immunity from an obligation or duty

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

Fir-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

FoliagenounUS /ˈfoʊlɪdʒ/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

FormnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

FruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

GermanynounUS /ˈdʒɜːrməni/

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

Gilead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

grayishadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪɪʃ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

HemlocknounUS /ˈhemlɑːk/

poisonous drug derived from an Eurasian plant of the genus Conium

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

HickorynounUS /ˈhɪkəri/

valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

HighlandsnounUS /ˈhaɪləndz/

a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

impuritiesnounUS /ˌɪmˈpjʊrətiz/

plural of “impurity” — worthless or dangerous material that should be removed

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

LarchnounUS /lɑːrtʃ/

wood of a larch tree

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

Lauder's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

LeavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

MountverbUS /maʊnt/

attach to a support

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

NutnounUS /nʌt/

usually large hard-shelled seed

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

plantingnounUS /ˈplæntɪŋ/

the act of fixing firmly in place

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

PoplarnounUS /ˈpɑːplər/

soft light-colored non-durable wood of the poplar

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

PuritynounUS /ˈpjʊrəti/

being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

RemarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

SingularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

SizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

SpeciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

sprinkledverbUS /ˈsprɪŋkəld/

past form of “sprinkle” — distribute loosely

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

Spruce-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

SuccessnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

TestimonynounUS /ˈtestəmoʊni/

a solemn statement made under oath

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

Tiel-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Basswood, or Tiel-tree.--The Poplar.--The Hemlock.--Beauties of its Foliage.--Uses.--Hickory.--The Fir-tree.--Spruce-tree.-- Its conical Form.--Uses.--American Larch.--Success of the Dukes of Athol in planting it on the Highlands of Scotland.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

UsenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

UsesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The bark is very clean and smooth, of a light lead color, sprinkled with fine dots of black, so that it has a grayish appearance.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

WillownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading --Remarkable one on Mount AEtna.--Balm of Gilead.--Willow.--Ash.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Beech is a tree of no ordinary interest; first, as being more free from impurities than any tree with which we are acquainted.

WoodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Beech-trees.--Purity, Size, Fruit.--Efforts of Bears after the Nut.--The Uses to which its Leaves are appropriated.--Mr. Lauder's Testimony, &c.--Use of Wood.--Singular Exemption.--The novel Appearance of the Leaves of a Species in Germany.--Chestnut-tree.

Chapter 5 of Forest Life and Forest Trees by John S. Springer holds 102 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Forest Life and Forest Trees contain?

Chapter 5 holds 102 sentences of Forest Life and Forest Trees, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Forest Life and Forest Trees by John S. Springer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 102 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Forest Life and Forest Trees?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Forest Life and Forest Trees?

Yes. All 2771 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37684 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #37684, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Forest Life and Forest Trees take to read?

About 230 minutes of reading across 555 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Forest Life and Forest Trees

Words and structures a reader meets early in Forest Life and Forest Trees, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Camp-life
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loggers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.