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Forest Life and Forest Trees
Forest Life and Forest Trees

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Forest Life and Forest Trees is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.
--Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.
--The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.
Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."
The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Forest Life and Forest Trees

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Forest Life and Forest Trees is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.
Line 2
--Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.
Line 3
--The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.
Line 4
Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."
Line 5
The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.
/ðə taɪm fɔːr ˈbreɪkɪŋ ʌp ɪz dɪˈtɜːrmənd baɪ ˈveriəs ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz səmˈtaɪmz æn ˈɜːrli sprɪŋ wɔːrm reɪnz ənd ˈθɔːɪŋ deɪz ˈrendər ðə snoʊ roʊdz ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl fɔːr ˈfɜːrðər lɔːɡ ˈhɔːlɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commences verb US /kəˈmensəz/

third-person singular of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading “Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."”

hauling noun US /ˈhɔːlɪŋ/

the activity of transporting goods by truck

From this reading “Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."”

impassable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading “The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.”

Parading verb US /pərˈeɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “parade” — walk ostentatiously

From this reading “"Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.”

Rites noun US /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading “--Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.”

Temperance noun US /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading “--Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.”

thawing noun US /ˈθɔːɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading “The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.”

winter's noun US /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading “Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Religious Rites adjective + noun counted as “religious rite”

an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

In this reading “--Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.”

making preparations noun + noun counted as “making preparation”

In this reading “Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."”

various circumstances adjective + noun

In this reading “The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.”

warm rains adjective + noun counted as “warm rain”

In this reading “The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading --The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

BreakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

commencesverbUS /kəˈmensəz/

third-person singular of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

ExperimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading --The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading --The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

GrotesqueadjectiveUS /ɡroʊˈtesk/

distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

haulingnounUS /ˈhɔːlɪŋ/

the activity of transporting goods by truck

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

impassableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpæsəbəl/

incapable of being passed

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

Intemperancenoun

the quality of being intemperate

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

logsnounUS /lɔːɡz/

plural of “log” — a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

ParadingverbUS /pərˈeɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “parade” — walk ostentatiously

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

preparationsnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “preparation” — the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

PrinciplesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

profanedadjective

treated irreverently or sacrilegiously

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

rainsnounUS /reɪnz/

plural of “rain” — water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

ReligiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

RitesnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

River-driving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

RumnounUS /rʌm/

liquor distilled from fermented molasses

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

SongnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading --The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading --The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

TemperancenounUS /ˈtempərəns/

the trait of avoiding excesses

From this reading --Religious Rites profaned.--River-driving on Temperance Principles.

thawingnounUS /ˈθɔːɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading --The first Experiment.--A spiritual Song.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

UpadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "Breaking Up."--Grotesque Parading down River.--Rum and Intemperance.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading The time for breaking up is determined by various circumstances; sometimes an early spring, warm rains, and thawing days render the snow roads impassable for further log hauling.

winter'snounUS /ˈwɪntərz/

possessive form of “winter” — the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Having completed our winter's work in hauling logs, another period commences in the chain of operations, "breaking up," moving down river, and making preparations for "river-driving."

Chapter 13 of Forest Life and Forest Trees by John S. Springer holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Forest Life and Forest Trees contain?

Chapter 13 holds 50 sentences of Forest Life and Forest Trees, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Forest Life and Forest Trees by John S. Springer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Forest Life and Forest Trees?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Forest Life and Forest Trees

Common questions about reading Forest Life and Forest Trees by John S. Springer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Forest Life and Forest Trees?

Yes. All 2771 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37684 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Forest Life and Forest Trees is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37684, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Forest Life and Forest Trees take to read?

About 230 minutes of reading across 555 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Forest Life and Forest Trees section by section

How to work through Forest Life and Forest Trees section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Forest Life and Forest Trees to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Forest Life and Forest Trees

Words and structures a reader meets early in Forest Life and Forest Trees, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Camp-life
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Among
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loggers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forest Life and Forest Trees; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.