Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)
Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.
My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.
I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.
Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?
No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.
Line 2
My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.
/maɪ frendz æz ðə dɪˈzaɪn wɪtʃ aɪ hæd ɪn vjuː wen aɪ bɪˈɡæn ðiːz ˈletərz ənd ˈmeni ə jɪr bɪˈfɔːr ɪn ðə dʒɜːrm ənd fɜːrst ˈaʊtlaɪnz ʌv ɪt ɪz naʊ ˈferli əˈfʊt ənd ɪn sloʊ bʌt dɪˈtɜːrmənd bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ˈriːləˈzeɪʃən aɪ wɪl ɪnˈdevər ɪn ðɪs ənd ðə nekst ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈletər tuː set ɪts meɪn ˈfiːtʃərz kəmˈpliːtli bɪˈfɔːr juː ðoʊ rɪˈmɛm.bər ðə dɪˈzaɪn wʊd ˈsɜːrtənli biː ə ˈʃæloʊ ənd veɪn wʌn ɪf ɪts ˈberɪŋz kʊd biː ˈiːðər ˈʃɔːrtli ɪkˈspleɪnd ɔːr ˈkwɪkli ˌʌndərˈstʊd/
Line 3
I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.
Line 4
Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?
Line 5
No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.
/noʊ ˈedətər kʊd seɪ tuː jɔːr feɪs ðæt ðə ɪnˈdevər tuː ɡɪv juː freʃ er ˈhoʊlsəm emˈplɔɪmənt ənd haɪ ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən wɑːz ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl ɔːr ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afoot adverb US /əˈfʊt/

on foot; walking

From this reading “My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.”

allege verb US /əˈledʒ/

report or maintain

From this reading “Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.”

discourage verb US /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒ/

try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading “I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.”

discouraging adjective US /dɪˈskɜːrədʒɪŋ/

depriving of confidence or hope or enthusiasm and hence often deterring action

From this reading “I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.”

germ noun US /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading “My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.”

journals noun US /ˈdʒɜːrnəlz/

plural of “journal” — a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading “Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?”

reprehensible adjective US /ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading “No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fresh air adjective + noun

In this reading “No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.”

greater number adjective + noun

In this reading “Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?”

public journals noun + noun counted as “public journal”

In this reading “Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?”

main features adjective + noun counted as “main feature”

In this reading “My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.”

following letter adjective + noun

In this reading “My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.”

in view preposition + noun

In this reading “My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1871

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

afootadverbUS /əˈfʊt/

on foot; walking

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

allegeverbUS /əˈledʒ/

report or maintain

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

bearingsnounUS /ˈberɪŋz/

plural of “bearing” — relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

curiouslyadverbUS /ˈkjʊriəsli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

dexterousadjective

skillful in physical movements; especially of the hands

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

discourageverbUS /dɪˈskɜːrɪdʒ/

try to prevent; show opposition to

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

discouragingadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɜːrədʒɪŋ/

depriving of confidence or hope or enthusiasm and hence often deterring action

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

earnestlyadverbUS /ˈɜːrnəstli/

in a serious manner

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

endeavournounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

FriendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

germnounUS /dʒɜːrm/

anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

hopingverbUS /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

incapableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/

(followed by “of”) lacking capacity or ability

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

journalsnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəlz/

plural of “journal” — a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

outlinesnounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪnz/

plural of “outline” — the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

quotedverbUS /ˈkwoʊtɪd/

past form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

realizationnounUS /ˈriːləˈzeɪʃən/

coming to understand something clearly and distinctly

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

reprehensibleadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈhensəbəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading Denmark Hill, 1st September, 1871.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

shallowadjectiveUS /ˈʃæloʊ/

lacking physical depth; having little spatial extension downward or inward from an outer surface or backward or outward from a center

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

shortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

wholesomeadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊlsəm/

conducive to or characteristic of physical or moral well-being

From this reading No editor could say to your face that the endeavour to give you fresh air, wholesome employment, and high education, was reprehensible or dangerous.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Have you noticed how curiously and earnestly the greater number of public journals that have yet quoted these papers, allege, for their part, nothing but the difficulties in our way; and that with as much contempt as they can venture to express?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading My Friends, As the design which I had in view when I began these letters (and many a year before, in the germ and first outlines of it) is now fairly afoot, and in slow, but determined, beginning of realization, I will endeavour in this and the next following letter to set its main features completely before you; though, remember, the design would certainly be a shallow and vain one, if its bearings could be either shortly explained, or quickly understood.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I have much in my own hope, which I know you are as yet incapable of hoping, but which your enemies are dexterous in discouraging, and eager to discourage.

Chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) by John Ruskin holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) contain?

Chapter 9 holds 165 sentences of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8), unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)?

Yes. All 1933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59456 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59456, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) take to read?

About 161 minutes of reading across 387 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Denmark
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Begin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.