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Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)
Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Denmark Hill.
15th October, 1871.
My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.
I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.
Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Denmark Hill.
/ˈdenmɑːrk hɪl/
Line 2
15th October, 1871.
Line 3
My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.
Line 4
I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.
/aɪ hæv sed ˌhaʊˈevər ðæt ɪˈventʃəwəli juː ʃæl ˌʌndərˈstænd ɪf juː ker tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd ˈevəri wɜːrd ɪn ðiːz ˈpeɪdʒəz/
Line 5
Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.
/θruː ɔːl ðɪs jɪr aɪ hæv ˈoʊnli bɪn ˈpʌtɪŋ ˈkwestʃənz sʌm ʌv ðem sʌtʃ æz hæv ˈpʌzəld ðə ˈwaɪzəst ənd wɪtʃ meɪ fɔːr ə lɔːŋ taɪm jet pruːv tuː hɑːrd fɔːr juː ənd miː bʌt nekst jɪr aɪ wɪl ɡoʊ ˈoʊvər ɔːl ðə ɡraʊnd əˈɡen ˈænsərɪŋ ðə ˈkwestʃənz wer aɪ noʊ ʌv ˈeni ˈænsərz ɔːr ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðem pleɪn fɔːr jɔːr ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən wen aɪ noʊ ʌv nʌn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

absurdity noun US /əbˈsɜːrdəti/

a message whose content is at variance with reason

From this reading “My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.”

answering adjective US /ˈænsərɪŋ/

replying

From this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

answers noun US /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “Denmark Hill.”

eventually adverb US /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading “I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.”

October noun US /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading “15th October, 1871.”

passes noun US /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading “My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.”

wisest adjective US /ˈwaɪzəst/

superlative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

above the level preposition + article + noun counted as “above … level”

In this reading “My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.”

next year adjective + noun

In this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

long time adjective + noun

a prolonged period of time

In this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

too hard adverb + adjective

In this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

go over verb + particle

hold a review (of troops)

In this reading “Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15th October, 1871.

1871

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 15th October, 1871.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

absurditynounUS /əbˈsɜːrdəti/

a message whose content is at variance with reason

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

answeringadjectiveUS /ˈænsərɪŋ/

replying

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

answersnounUS /ˈænsərz/

plural of “answer” — a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading Denmark Hill.

eventuallyadverbUS /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

examinationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

FriendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Denmark Hill.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading 15th October, 1871.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

puzzledadjectiveUS /ˈpʌzəld/

filled with bewilderment

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

remonstrancenoun

the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

wisestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzəst/

superlative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading My Friends, A day seldom passes, now that people begin to notice these Letters a little, without my receiving a remonstrance on the absurdity of writing "so much above the level" of those whom I address.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I have said, however, that eventually you shall understand, if you care to understand, every word in these pages.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Through all this year I have only been putting questions; some of them such as have puzzled the wisest, and which may, for a long time yet, prove too hard for you and me: but, next year, I will go over all the ground again, answering the questions, where I know of any answers; or making them plain for your examination, when I know of none.

Chapter 11 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) by John Ruskin holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) contain?

Chapter 11 holds 130 sentences of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8), unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)?

Yes. All 1933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59456 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59456, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) take to read?

About 161 minutes of reading across 387 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Denmark
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Begin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 1 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.