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Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My Friends, 1st January, 1872.
I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.
Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.
But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.
But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) is here in full — 127 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My Friends, 1st January, 1872.
Line 2
I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.
/aɪ wʊd wɪʃ juː ə ˈhæpi nuː jɪr ɪf aɪ θɔːt maɪ ˈwɪʃɪz ˈlaɪkli tuː biː ʌv ðə liːst juːs/
Line 3
Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.
/pərˈhæps ˌɪnˈdiːd ɪf jɔːr kæp ʌv ˈlɪb.ər.ti wɜːr wʌt juː ˈɔːlweɪz teɪk ɪt fɔːr ə ˈwɪʃɪŋ kæp aɪ maɪt ˈbɑːroʊ ɪt ʌv juː fɔːr wʌns ənd biː soʊ mʌtʃ tʃɪrd baɪ ðə tʃaɪm ʌv ɪts belz æz tuː wɪʃ juː ə ˈhæpi nuː jɪr ˈweðər juː dɪˈzɜːrvd wʌn ɔːr nɑːt wɪtʃ wʊd biː ðə wɜːrst θɪŋ aɪ kʊd ˈpɑːsəbli brɪŋ tuː pæs fɔːr juː/
Line 4
But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.
Line 5
But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advise verb US /ædˈvaɪz/

give advice to

From this reading “But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.”

borrow verb US /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading “Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.”

cheered verb US /tʃɪrd/

past form of “cheer” — give encouragement to

From this reading “Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.”

chime noun US /tʃaɪm/

a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument

From this reading “Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.”

deserved adjective US /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading “Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.”

January noun US /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading “My Friends, 1st January, 1872.”

lend verb US /lend/

bestow a quality on

From this reading “But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.”

requesting verb US /rɪˈkwestɪŋ/

-ing form of “request” — express the need or desire for

From this reading “But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

worst thing noun + noun

In this reading “Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.”

rid of verb + particle

do away with

In this reading “But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1872

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My Friends, 1st January, 1872.

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My Friends, 1st January, 1872.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

adviseverbUS /ædˈvaɪz/

give advice to

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

belled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

bellsnounUS /belz/

plural of “bell” — a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

borrowverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊ/

get temporarily

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

cheeredverbUS /tʃɪrd/

past form of “cheer” — give encouragement to

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

chimenounUS /tʃaɪm/

a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

deserveverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrv/

be worthy or deserving

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

deservedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

else's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

FriendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading My Friends, 1st January, 1872.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading My Friends, 1st January, 1872.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

lendverbUS /lend/

bestow a quality on

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My Friends, 1st January, 1872.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

possiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

requestingverbUS /rɪˈkwestɪŋ/

-ing form of “request” — express the need or desire for

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

ridverbUS /rɪd/

relieve from

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading But if you trust more to any one else's than mine, let me advise your requesting them to wish that you may deserve a happy New Year, whether you get one or not.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

wishingnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪŋ/

a specific feeling of desire

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading But wishing cap, belled or silent, you can lend me none; and my wishes having proved, for the most part, vain for myself, except in making me wretched till I got rid of them, I will not present you with anything which I have found to be of so little worth.

YearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I would wish you a happy New Year, if I thought my wishes likely to be of the least use.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Perhaps, indeed, if your cap of liberty were what you always take it for, a wishing cap, I might borrow it of you, for once; and be so much cheered by the chime of its bells, as to wish you a happy New Year, whether you deserved one or not: which would be the worst thing I could possibly bring to pass for you.

Chapter 1 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) by John Ruskin holds 127 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 127 sentences of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8), unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 127 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)?

Yes. All 2072 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61591 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61591, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) take to read?

About 172 minutes of reading across 415 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.