Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)
Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Verona, 18th June, 1872.
My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!
No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.
In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.
What a beautiful arrangement have we here!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Verona, 18th June, 1872.
Line 2
My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!
/maɪ frendz wʌt æn eɪdʒ ʌv ˈprɑːɡres ɪt ɪz baɪ help ʌv ˈædvərtaɪzmənts/
Line 3
No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.
/noʊ ˈwʌndər juː pʊt sʌm feɪθ ɪn ðem frendz/
Line 4
In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.
Line 5
What a beautiful arrangement have we here!
/wʌt ə ˈbjuːtəfəl ərˈeɪndʒmənt hæv wiː hiːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advertisements noun US /ˈædvərtaɪzmənts/

plural of “advertisement” — a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading “My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!”

arrangement noun US /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading “What a beautiful arrangement have we here!”

Bordeaux noun US /bɔːrˈdoʊ/

a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade

From this reading “In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.”

bottle noun US /ˈbɑːtəl/

a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped

From this reading “In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.”

June noun US /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading “Verona, 18th June, 1872.”

necessarily adverb US /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading “In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.”

steak noun US /steɪk/

a slice of meat cut from the fleshy part of an animal or large fish

From this reading “In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.”

Verona noun US /vərˈoʊnə/

a city in Veneto on the River Adige

From this reading “Verona, 18th June, 1872.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

coming home noun + noun

In this reading “In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1872

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Verona, 18th June, 1872.

18th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Verona, 18th June, 1872.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

advertisementsnounUS /ˈædvərtaɪzmənts/

plural of “advertisement” — a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading What a beautiful arrangement have we here!

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading What a beautiful arrangement have we here!

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

BordeauxnounUS /bɔːrˈdoʊ/

a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

bottlenounUS /ˈbɑːtəl/

a glass or plastic vessel used for storing drinks or other liquids; typically cylindrical without handles and with a narrow neck that can be plugged or capped

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

Diaphane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

FriendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What a beautiful arrangement have we here!

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading What a beautiful arrangement have we here!

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading Verona, 18th June, 1872.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

Moutarde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

steaknounUS /steɪk/

a slice of meat cut from the fleshy part of an animal or large fish

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

VeronanounUS /vərˈoʊnə/

a city in Veneto on the River Adige

From this reading Verona, 18th June, 1872.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading What a beautiful arrangement have we here!

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading My Friends, What an age of progress it is, by help of advertisements!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In summer one's work is necessarily much before breakfast; so, coming home tired to-day, I order a steak, with which is served to me a bottle of "Moutarde Diaphane," from Bordeaux.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading No wonder you put some faith in them, friends.

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) by John Ruskin holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) contain?

Chapter 7 holds 120 sentences of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8), unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)?

Yes. All 2072 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61591 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61591, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) take to read?

About 172 minutes of reading across 415 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Friends
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 2 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.