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Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)
Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) is here in full — 266 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)
Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.
I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."
His own what?
His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?
Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) is here in full — 266 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.
Line 2
I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."
Line 3
His own what?
/hɪz oʊn wʌt/
Line 4
His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?
/hɪz oʊn ˈprɑːpərti hɪz oʊn raɪts hɪz oʊn əˈpɪnjənz hɪz oʊn pleɪs aɪ səˈpoʊz wʌn mʌst ˈænsər/
Line 5
Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.
/ˈevəri mæn ɪn hɪz oʊn pleɪs ənd ˈevəri mæn ˈæktɪŋ ɑːn hɪz oʊn əˈpɪnjənz ənd ˈevəri mæn ˈhævɪŋ hɪz oʊn weɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acting noun US /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading “Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.”

bears noun US /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading “I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."”

expressions noun US /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading “I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."”

Feb noun US /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading “Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.”

gospel noun US /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading “I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."”

John's noun US /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading “I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."”

opinions noun US /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading “His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?”

verse noun US /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading “I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

own opinions verb + noun counted as “own opinion”

In this reading “His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?”

own property verb + noun

In this reading “His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?”

own way verb + noun

In this reading “Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1873

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.

20th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

Brantwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

FebnounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading Brantwood, 20th Feb., 1873.

gospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

John'snounUS /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading His own property, his own rights, his own opinions, his own place, I suppose one must answer?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Every man in his own place; and every man acting on his own opinions; and every man having his own way.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading His own what?

YepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading I was again stopped by a verse in St. John's gospel this morning: not because I have not thought of it before, often enough; but because it bears much on our immediate business in one of its expressions,--"Ye shall be scattered, every man to his own."

Chapter 4 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) by John Ruskin holds 266 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 266 sentences of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8), unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 266 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)?

Yes. All 3014 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61634 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61634, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) take to read?

About 251 minutes of reading across 603 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Brantwood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Having
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.