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Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)
Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/51 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.
First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.
Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.
Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.
Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.
Line 2
First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.
Line 3
Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.
Line 4
Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.
/ðen kʌmz ðə taɪm ʌv ˈleɪbər wen ˈhævɪŋ bɪˈkʌm ðə best hiː kæn biː hiː dʌz ðə best hiː kæn duː/
Line 5
Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.
/ðen ðə taɪm ʌv deθ wɪtʃ ɪn ˈhæpi lɪvz ɪz ˈveri ʃɔːrt bʌt ˈɔːlweɪz ə taɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

divisions noun US /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading “I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.”

essentially adverb US /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading “First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.”

forming verb US /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading “Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.”

map verb US /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading “I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.”

men's noun US /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading “First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.”

Scott's noun US /skɑːts/

possessive form of “scott” — award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading “I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.”

separate verb US /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading “First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.”

singularly adverb US /ˈsɪŋɡjələrli/

in a singular manner or to a singular degree

From this reading “First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

men's lives noun + noun counted as “men's life”

In this reading “First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.”

happy lives adjective + noun counted as “happy life”

In this reading “Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.”

for ever preposition + adverb

In this reading “Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.

essentiallyadverbUS /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

men'snounUS /menz/

a public toilet for men

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

Scott'snounUS /skɑːts/

possessive form of “scott” — award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.

singularlyadverbUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələrli/

in a singular manner or to a singular degree

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Then the time of death, which, in happy lives, is very short: but always a time.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Then comes the time of labour, when, having become the best he can be, he does the best he can do.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Youth is properly the forming time--that in which a man makes himself, or is made, what he is for ever to be.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I do not know how far I shall be able in this letter to carry you forward in the story of Scott's life; let me first, therefore, map its divisions clearly; for then, wherever we have to stop, we can return to our point in fit time.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading First, note these three great divisions--essentially those of all men's lives, but singularly separate in his,--the days of youth, of labour, and of death.

Chapter 8 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) by John Ruskin holds 258 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 258 sentences of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8), unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 258 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)?

Yes. All 3014 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61634 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61634, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) take to read?

About 251 minutes of reading across 603 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Brantwood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Having
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera (Volume 3 of 8); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.