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Fors Clavigera
Fors Clavigera

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera
Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Paris, 1st April, 1874.
I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.
It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.
Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?
But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 86 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Paris, 1st April, 1874.
Line 2
I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.
/aɪ faɪnd ðer ɑːr stɪl ˈprɪmroʊzəz ɪn kent ənd ðæt ɪt ɪz ˈpɑːsəbəl stɪl tuː siː bluː skaɪ ɪn ˈlʌndən ɪn ðə ˈɜːrli ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 3
It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.
/ɪt wɑːz ɪnˈtaɪərli pjʊr æz aɪ droʊv daʊn pæst maɪ oʊld ˈdenmɑːrk hɪl ɡeɪt baʊnd fɔːr ˈkænən striːt ˈsteɪʃən ɑːn ˈmʌndi ˈmɔːrnɪŋ læst ɡeɪt kloʊzd naʊ ɑːn miː fɔːr ˈevərmɔːr ðæt juːzd tuː ˈoʊ.pən ˈɡlædli ɪˈnʌf wen aɪ keɪm bæk tuː ɪt frʌm wɜːrk ɪn ˈɪtəli/
Line 4
Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?
Line 5
But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?
/bʌt aɪ wɑːnt tuː noʊ ˈræðər wʌt ɑːr ðeɪ tuː juː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cannon noun US /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

evermore adverb US /ˈevərmɔːr/

at any future time; in the future

From this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

gladly adverb US /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

Kent noun US /kent/

a county in southeastern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, it was the first to be colonized by the Romans

From this reading “I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.”

Monday noun US /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

prime adjective US /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading “Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?”

primroses noun US /ˈprɪmroʊzəz/

plural of “primrose” — any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads

From this reading “I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

blue sky adjective + noun

the sky as viewed during daylight

In this reading “I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.”

early morning adjective + noun

In this reading “I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.”

for evermore preposition + adverb

In this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

came back verb + particle counted as “come back”

be restored

In this reading “It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1874

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Paris, 1st April, 1874.

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Paris, 1st April, 1874.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading Paris, 1st April, 1874.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

CannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

evermoreadverbUS /ˈevərmɔːr/

at any future time; in the future

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

gladlyadverbUS /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

KentnounUS /kent/

a county in southeastern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, it was the first to be colonized by the Romans

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

nurseverbUS /nɜːrs/

try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading Paris, 1st April, 1874.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

primeadjectiveUS /praɪm/

first in rank or degree

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

primrosesnounUS /ˈprɪmroʊzəz/

plural of “primrose” — any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

pureadjectiveUS /pjʊr/

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?

rosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

StationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I find there are still primroses in Kent, and that it is possible still to see blue sky in London in the early morning.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Now, father and mother and nurse all dead, and the roses of the spring, prime or late—what are they to me?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was entirely pure as I drove down past my old Denmark Hill gate, bound for Cannon Street Station, on Monday morning last; gate, closed now on me for evermore, that used to open gladly enough when I came back to it from work in Italy.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But I want to know, rather, what are they to you?

Chapter 5 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin holds 86 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Fors Clavigera contain?

Chapter 5 holds 86 sentences of Fors Clavigera, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 86 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Fors Clavigera?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera?

Yes. All 2689 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera take to read?

About 224 minutes of reading across 538 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prophetes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.