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Fors Clavigera
Fors Clavigera

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 237 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Rome, Corpus-Domini, 1874.
I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.
Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.
Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.
I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 237 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Rome, Corpus-Domini, 1874.
Line 2
I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.
Line 3
Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.
/feɪt wʊd nɑːt let miː ˈfɪnɪʃ ɪt bʌt wʌt wɑːz dʌn wɪl biː ˈjuːsfəl naʊ ənd ʃæl bɪˈɡɪn maɪ ˈletər fɔːr ðɪs mʌnθ/
Line 4
Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.
Line 5
I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.
/aɪ hæv ə haʊs tuː bɪld bʌt nʌn ʃæl mɑːk miː baɪ ˈseɪɪŋ aɪ wɑːz nɑːt ˈeɪbəl tuː ˈfɪnɪʃ ɪt nɔːr biː vekst baɪ nɑːt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ɪn ɪt ðə ruːmz ðeɪ ɪkˈspektəd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstract verb US /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading “I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.”

Completing adjective US /kəmˈpliːtɪŋ/

acting as or providing a complement (something that completes the whole)

From this reading “Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.”

contain verb US /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading “Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.”

explaining verb US /ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading “Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.”

index noun US /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading “I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.”

mock verb US /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading “I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.”

preface noun US /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.”

vexed adjective US /vekst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading “I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

second volume noun + noun

In this reading “I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.”

by saying preposition + noun

In this reading “I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1874

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, Corpus-Domini, 1874.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

abstractverbUS /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

CompletingadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtɪŋ/

acting as or providing a complement (something that completes the whole)

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

containverbUS /kənˈteɪn/

include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

Corpus-Domini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Rome, Corpus-Domini, 1874.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

explainingverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

FatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

finishverbUS /ˈfɪnɪʃ/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

Fors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

indexnounUS /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

intentionnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃən/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

mockverbUS /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

prefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Rome, Corpus-Domini, 1874.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

statementnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənt/

a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

vexedadjectiveUS /vekst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading I have a house to build; but none shall mock me by saying I was not able to finish it, nor be vexed by not finding in it the rooms they expected.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Completing three and a half volumes of Fors, it may contain a more definite statement of its purpose than any given hitherto; though I have no intention of explaining that purpose entirely, until it is in sufficient degree accomplished.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Fate would not let me finish it; but what was done will be useful now, and shall begin my letter for this month.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading I wrote, for a preface to the index at the end of the second volume of Fors, part of an abstract of what had been then stated in the course of this work.

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin holds 237 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera contain?

Chapter 7 holds 237 sentences of Fors Clavigera, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 237 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera?

Yes. All 2689 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera take to read?

About 224 minutes of reading across 538 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prophetes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.