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Fors Clavigera
Fors Clavigera

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 242 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/48 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.
The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.
It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.
Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.
He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 242 sentences across 49 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/48 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.
Line 2
The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.
Line 3
It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.
/ɪt hæd strʌk miː ðæt aɪ ʃʊd laɪk tuː noʊ wʌt sɔːrt ʌv ə ˈpɜːrsən hɪz waɪf wɑːz ənd aɪ æskt maɪ ɡʊd hoʊst ˈoʊvər ˈaʊər ˈmɔːrnɪŋz ˈkɑːfi ˈweðər ðə tʃɜːrtʃ nuː ˈeniθɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɜːr/
Line 4
Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.
Line 5
He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

argument noun US /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading “The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.”

August noun US /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading “Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.”

cell noun US /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading “The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.”

denied verb US /dɪˈnaɪd/

inflected form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading “Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.”

energetically adverb US /ˌenərˈdʒetɪkli/

in an energetic manner

From this reading “Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.”

Isaiah noun US /ˌaɪˈzeɪə/

(Old Testament) the first of the major Hebrew prophets (8th century BC)

From this reading “The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.”

morning's noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

possessive form of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

prophet noun US /ˈprɑːfət/

an authoritative person who divines the future

From this reading “The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

got into verb + particle counted as “get into”

get involved in or with

In this reading “The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.”

other day adjective + noun

In this reading “The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1874

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.

2nd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

Antonio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

Assisi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.

BrothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

Castissimo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

coffeenounUS /ˈkɑːfi/

a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

deniedverbUS /dɪˈnaɪd/

inflected form of “deny” — declare untrue; contradict

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

energeticallyadverbUS /ˌenərˈdʒetɪkli/

in an energetic manner

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

fancynounUS /ˈfænsi/

something many people believe that is false

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

horribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

instantlyadverbUS /ˈɪnstəntli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Brother Antonio, however, instantly and energetically denied that he ever had a wife.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

IsaiahnounUS /ˌaɪˈzeɪə/

(Old Testament) the first of the major Hebrew prophets (8th century BC)

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

Lucca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucca, 2nd August, 1874.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

morning'snounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋz/

possessive form of “morning” — the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

profeta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

prophetnounUS /ˈprɑːfət/

an authoritative person who divines the future

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

Sacristannoun

an officer of the church who is in charge of sacred objects

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

Sacristan's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He was a ‘Castissimo profeta,’—how could I fancy anything so horrible of him!

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading It had struck me that I should like to know what sort of a person his wife was: and I asked my good host, over our morning’s coffee, whether the Church knew anything about her.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The other day, in the Sacristan’s cell at Assisi, I got into a great argument with the Sacristan himself, about the prophet Isaiah.

Chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin holds 242 sentences, grouped into 49 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera contain?

Chapter 9 holds 242 sentences of Fors Clavigera, unabridged, divided into 49 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 242 sentences, grouped into 49 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Fors Clavigera?

Work through the 49 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 49 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera?

Yes. All 2689 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera take to read?

About 224 minutes of reading across 538 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

January
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Selon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prophetes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charit
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.