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Fors Clavigera
Fors Clavigera

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fors Clavigera
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.
It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.
But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.
“I must do what I think right.”
How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.
Line 2
It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.
Line 3
But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.
Line 4
“I must do what I think right.”
/aɪ mʌst duː wʌt aɪ θɪŋk raɪt/
Line 5
How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

asserting adjective US /əˈsɜːrtɪŋ/

relating to the use of or having the nature of a declaration

From this reading “But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.”

assume verb US /əˈsuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.”

bravely adverb US /ˈbreɪvli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading “How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.”

egotism noun US /ˈiːɡətɪzəm/

an exaggerated opinion of your own importance

From this reading “How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.”

fasten verb US /ˈfæsən/

cause to be firmly attached

From this reading “Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.”

innocently adverb US /ˈɪnəsəntli/

in a not unlawful manner

From this reading “How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.”

nobly adverb US /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading “How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.”

prevalent adjective US /ˈprevələnt/

most frequent or common

From this reading “It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

acted according verb + adjective counted as “act according”

In this reading “It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.”

own conscience verb + noun

In this reading “It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.”

Before going preposition + noun

In this reading “Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

assertingadjectiveUS /əˈsɜːrtɪŋ/

relating to the use of or having the nature of a declaration

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

assumeverbUS /əˈsuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

bravelyadverbUS /ˈbreɪvli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

conjectured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “I must do what I think right.”

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

egotismnounUS /ˈiːɡətɪzəm/

an exaggerated opinion of your own importance

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

erringly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

fastenverbUS /ˈfæsən/

cause to be firmly attached

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

innocentlyadverbUS /ˈɪnəsəntli/

in a not unlawful manner

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

LawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

noblyadverbUS /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

notionnounUS /ˈnoʊʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

prevalentadjectiveUS /ˈprevələnt/

most frequent or common

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading “I must do what I think right.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But they assume, in feeling or asserting this, either that there is no Law of God, or that it cannot be known; but only felt, or conjectured.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

utteredadjectiveUS /ˈʌtərd/

communicated in words

From this reading How often is this sentence uttered and acted on—bravely—nobly—innocently; but always—because of its egotism—erringly.

well-disposedadjective

inclined to help or support; not antagonistic or hostile

From this reading It has been a prevalent notion in the minds of well-disposed persons, that if they acted according to their own conscience, they must, therefore, be doing right.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “I must do what I think right.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Before going on with my own story to-day, I must fasten down a main principle about doing good work, not yet enough made clear.

Chapter 6 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Fors Clavigera contain?

Chapter 6 holds 197 sentences of Fors Clavigera, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Fors Clavigera?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera?

Yes. All 2791 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68013 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68013, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera take to read?

About 232 minutes of reading across 559 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wonder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Proportion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.