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Fors Clavigera
Fors Clavigera

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”
It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.
The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.
The second, that, whether they preach truth or falsehood, they preach as hirelings.
It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fors Clavigera

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”
Line 2
It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.
/ɪt ɪz əbsˈkjʊr bɪˈkɔːz əˈsoʊsieɪtɪŋ tuː ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz kwaɪt dɪˈstɪŋkt/
Line 3
The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.
/ðə fɜːrst ðæt ˈweðər fɔːr ˈhaɪər ɔːr nɑːt ðeɪ priːtʃ ə fɔːls ˈɡɑːspəl/
Line 4
The second, that, whether they preach truth or falsehood, they preach as hirelings.
Line 5
It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

associating verb US /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.”

brevity noun US /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading “No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.””

clergymen noun US /ˈklɜːrdʒimɪn/

plural of “clergyman” — a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading “No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.””

corresponded verb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “correspond” — be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

Eleventh adjective US /ɪˈlevənθ/

coming next after the tenth and just before the twelfth in position

From this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

repudiated verb US /riˈpjuːdieɪtɪd/

past form of “repudiate” — cast off

From this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

successively adverb US /səkˈsesɪvli/

in proper order or sequence

From this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

Tipple noun US /ˈtɪpəl/

a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

From this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

corresponded with verb + particle counted as “correspond with”

In this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

quite distinct adverb + adjective

In this reading “It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.”

own part verb + noun

In this reading “It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

ArticlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

associatingverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

breathing-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

brevitynounUS /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

chargesnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “charge” — an impetuous rush toward someone or something

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

clergymennounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimɪn/

plural of “clergyman” — a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

correspondedverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “correspond” — be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

eagerlyadverbUS /ˈiːɡərli/

with eagerness; in an eager manner

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

EleventhadjectiveUS /ɪˈlevənθ/

coming next after the tenth and just before the twelfth in position

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

falsehoodnounUS /ˈfælshʊd/

a false statement

From this reading The second, that, whether they preach truth or falsehood, they preach as hirelings.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

gospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

Headlam

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

hireverbUS /ˈhaɪər/

engage or hire for work

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

hirelings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second, that, whether they preach truth or falsehood, they preach as hirelings.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

Lyttel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

preachverbUS /priːtʃ/

deliver a sermon

From this reading The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

repudiatedverbUS /riˈpjuːdieɪtɪd/

past form of “repudiate” — cast off

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second, that, whether they preach truth or falsehood, they preach as hirelings.

successivelyadverbUS /səkˈsesɪvli/

in proper order or sequence

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

teachverbUS /tiːtʃ/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

TipplenounUS /ˈtɪpəl/

a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading The second, that, whether they preach truth or falsehood, they preach as hirelings.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It is obscure, because associating two charges quite distinct.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading No more letters, at present, reaching me, from clergymen, I use the breathing-time permitted me, to express more clearly the meaning of my charge,—left in its brevity obscure,—that, as a body, they “teach a false gospel for hire.”

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The first, that, whether for hire or not, they preach a false gospel.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It will be observed that the three clergymen who have successively corresponded with me—Mr. Tipple, Mr. Lyttel, and Mr. Headlam—have every one, for their own part, eagerly repudiated the doctrine of the Eleventh Article of the Church of England.

Chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin holds 300 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera contain?

Chapter 7 holds 300 sentences of Fors Clavigera, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 300 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Fors Clavigera?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fors Clavigera

Common questions about reading Fors Clavigera by John Ruskin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fors Clavigera?

Yes. All 2791 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68013 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fors Clavigera is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68013, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fors Clavigera take to read?

About 232 minutes of reading across 559 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fors Clavigera section by section

How to work through Fors Clavigera section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fors Clavigera to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fors Clavigera

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fors Clavigera, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wonder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Proportion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fors Clavigera; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.