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Forward from Babylon
Forward from Babylon

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Forward from Babylon is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
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If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.
It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.
It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.
After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.
He knocked timidly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Forward from Babylon

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Forward from Babylon is here in full — 197 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.
Line 2
It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.
/ɪt meɪd klɪr tuː boʊθ ðə ˈfɑːðər ənd ðə sʌn ðæt ˈfɪləp kʊd nɑːt jet ɪɡˈzɪst ɑːn hɪz oʊn ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ˌhaʊˈevər rəˈfræktəri ə kɔːɡ hiː wɑːz ɪn ðə məˈʃiːnəri ʌv ðə haʊs ɪn ˈeɪndʒəl striːt ðæt məˈʃiːnəri wɑːz stɪl ðə kənˈdɪʃən ʌv hɪz eɡˈzɪstəns æt ɔːl/
Line 3
It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.
Line 4
After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.
Line 5
He knocked timidly.
/hiː nɑːkt ˈtɪmədli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cog noun US /kɔːɡ/

a subordinate who performs an important but routine function

From this reading “It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.”

croft noun US /krɔːft/

a small farm worked by a crofter

From this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

escapade noun US /ˈeskəpeɪd/

a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

fatality noun US /fəˈtælɪti/

a death resulting from an accident or a disaster

From this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

initiative noun US /ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

readiness to embark on bold new ventures

From this reading “It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.”

oration noun US /ɔːˈreɪʃən/

an instance of oratory

From this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

refractory adjective US /rəˈfræktəri/

not responding to treatment

From this reading “It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.”

starkly adverb US /ˈstɑːrkli/

in a stark manner

From this reading “It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

irresistibly drawn adverb + adjective

In this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

own initiative verb + noun

In this reading “It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.”

immediate consequences adjective + noun counted as “immediate consequence”

In this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

any reference adjective + noun

In this reading “If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.”

same day adjective + noun

In this reading “After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

AngelnounUS /ˈeɪndʒəl/

spiritual being attendant upon God

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

apprehensivelyadverb

with anxiety or apprehension

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

Bertha

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

cognounUS /kɔːɡ/

a subordinate who performs an important but routine function

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

croftnounUS /krɔːft/

a small farm worked by a crofter

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

escapadenounUS /ˈeskəpeɪd/

a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

fatalitynounUS /fəˈtælɪti/

a death resulting from an accident or a disaster

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

Furness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

grievancenounUS /ˈɡriːvəns/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

HeadnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

homewardadverbUS /ˈhoʊmwərd/

toward home

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

initiativenounUS /ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

readiness to embark on bold new ventures

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

interviewverbUS /ˈɪntərvjuː/

conduct an interview in television, newspaper, and radio reporting

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

irresistiblyadverbUS /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli/

incapable of being resisted

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

knockedverbUS /nɑːkt/

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading He knocked timidly.

latestadjectiveUS /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

Monash

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

orationnounUS /ɔːˈreɪʃən/

an instance of oratory

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

Philip'snounUS /ˈfɪləps/

possessive form of “philip” — Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

Rebnoun

“Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

refractoryadjectiveUS /rəˈfræktəri/

not responding to treatment

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

starklyadverbUS /ˈstɑːrkli/

in a stark manner

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading After school on that same day, summoned by a special note from the Head, Philip stood apprehensively outside his door.

tangibleadjectiveUS /ˈtændʒəbəl/

perceptible by the senses especially the sense of touch

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It was the consciousness that this position had been made starkly clear by the issue of this latest event, and that this latest event was itself so tangible a grievance, that induced Reb Monash to interview Mr. Furness.

timidlyadverbUS /ˈtɪmədli/

in a shy or timid or bashful manner

From this reading He knocked timidly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading If Philip's oration on the croft, despite its immediate consequences, had been a triumph for Philip, the fatality which had irresistibly drawn his feet homeward after his escapade with Bertha, without any reference to his will, was a triumph, if that was not too vulgar a word, for Reb Monash.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading It made clear to both the father and the son that Philip could not yet exist on his own initiative; however refractory a cog he was in the machinery of the house in Angel Street, that machinery was still the condition of his existence at all.

Chapter 8 of Forward from Babylon by Louis Golding holds 197 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Forward from Babylon contain?

Chapter 8 holds 197 sentences of Forward from Babylon, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Forward from Babylon by Louis Golding exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 197 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Forward from Babylon?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Forward from Babylon

Common questions about reading Forward from Babylon by Louis Golding on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Forward from Babylon?

Yes. All 6653 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56178 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Forward from Babylon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56178, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Forward from Babylon take to read?

About 554 minutes of reading across 1331 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Forward from Babylon

Words and structures a reader meets early in Forward from Babylon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Glossary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Forward from Babylon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Yiddish
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Words
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Given
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