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Four American poets
Four American poets

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Four American poets is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Four American poets
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.
As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.
We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.
He also gained in honors.
He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Four American poets

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Four American poets is here in full — 42 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.
Line 2
As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.
/æz jɪrz pæst ɪt ɡruː ɪn saɪz ənd welθ ənd ɪts ˈnuːzpeɪpərz bɪˈkeɪm mɔːr ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/
Line 3
We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.
Line 4
He also gained in honors.
/hiː ˈɔːlsoʊ ɡeɪnd ɪn ˈɑːnərz/
Line 5
He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.
/hiː wɑːz ðə ˈedətər ʌv ə ɡreɪt ˈdeɪli ˈpeɪpər ənd hiː wɑːz ˈɔːlsoʊ ə ˈnoʊtəd ˈpoʊət/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comparatively adverb US /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading “BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.”

editor noun US /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading “He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.”

honors noun US /ˈɑːnərz/

plural of “honor” — a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading “He also gained in honors.”

newspapers noun US /ˈnuːzpeɪpərz/

plural of “newspaper” — a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading “As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.”

orator noun US /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading “BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.”

ownership noun US /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/

the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others

From this reading “We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.”

prose noun US /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading “BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.”

writer noun US /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading “BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

PROSE WRITER noun + noun

In this reading “BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.”

comparatively small adverb + adjective

In this reading “BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.”

daily paper noun + noun

In this reading “He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.”

became more verb + adjective counted as “become more”

In this reading “As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He also gained in honors.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

BRYANT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.

EveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading He also gained in honors.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He also gained in honors.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

honorsnounUS /ˈɑːnərz/

plural of “honor” — a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading He also gained in honors.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

newspapersnounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpərz/

plural of “newspaper” — a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

ORATORnounUS /ˈɔːrətər/

a person who delivers a speech or oration

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

ownershipnounUS /ˈoʊnərʃɪp/

the relation of an owner to the thing possessed; possession with the right to transfer possession to others

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading He was the editor of a great daily paper, and he was also a noted poet.

PostverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

PROSEnounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have seen how Bryant became rich by his ownership of the _Evening Post_.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

WRITERnounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading As years passed, it grew in size and wealth, and its newspapers became more important.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading BRYANT AS AN ORATOR AND PROSE WRITER When Bryant went to New York it was a comparatively small city.

Chapter 8 of Four American poets by Sherwin Cody holds 42 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Four American poets contain?

Chapter 8 holds 42 sentences of Four American poets, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Four American poets by Sherwin Cody exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 42 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Four American poets?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Four American poets

Common questions about reading Four American poets by Sherwin Cody on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Four American poets?

Yes. All 1981 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Four American poets is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Four American poets take to read?

About 165 minutes of reading across 397 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Four American poets section by section

How to work through Four American poets section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Four American poets to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Four American poets

Words and structures a reader meets early in Four American poets, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sherwin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four American poets; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four American poets; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Short
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four American poets; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four American poets; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.