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Four Arthurian Romances
Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 223 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(Vv.
1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.
Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.
"Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.
Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 223 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(Vv.
Line 2
1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.
Line 3
Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.
/ˌæləɡˈzændər ˈsiːɪŋ hɜːr kʌm ɡoʊz tuː miːt hɜːr ənd ˌɪnˈkwaɪərz wʌt ɪz ðə kɪŋz kəˈmænd kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ ðə ˈprɪzənərz ənd wʌt ɪz tuː biː ðer feɪt/
Line 4
"Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.
/frend sez ʃiː hiː riˈkwaɪərz ʌv miː tuː sərˈendər ðem æt hɪz dɪˈskreʃən ənd tuː let hɪz ˈdʒʌstəs biː ˈkærid aʊt/
Line 5
Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.
/ˌɪnˈdiːd hiː ɪz mʌtʃ ˈɪnsenst ðæt aɪ hæv nɑːt ɔːlˈredi ˈhændəd ðem ˈoʊvər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alexander noun US /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading “Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.”

discretion noun US /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading “"Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.”

incensed adjective US /ˈɪnsenst/

angered at something unjust or wrong

From this reading “Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.”

inquires verb US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading “Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.”

requires verb US /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading “"Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.”

returns noun US /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading “1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.”

summoned verb US /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading “1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.”

surrender noun US /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading “"Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1419

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

1448

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

discretionnounUS /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

handedadjectiveUS /ˈhændəd/

having or involving the use of hands

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

incensedadjectiveUS /ˈɪnsenst/

angered at something unjust or wrong

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

inquiresverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

requiresverbUS /riˈkwaɪərz/

third-person singular of “require” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

returnsnounUS /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

summonedverbUS /ˈsʌmənd/

past form of “summon” — call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

surrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Indeed, he is much incensed that I have not already handed them over.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "Friend," says she, "he requires of me to surrender them at his discretion, and to let his justice be carried out.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

Vv

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Vv.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Alexander, seeing her come, goes to meet her, and inquires what is the King's command concerning the prisoners, and what is to be their fate.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading 1419-1448.) She turns this thought over in her mind until the Queen returns from the King who had summoned her.

Chapter 15 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 223 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Four Arthurian Romances contain?

Chapter 15 holds 223 sentences of Four Arthurian Romances, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 223 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Four Arthurian Romances?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances

Common questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Four Arthurian Romances?

Yes. All 9290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Four Arthurian Romances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #831, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Four Arthurian Romances take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Four Arthurian Romances section by section

How to work through Four Arthurian Romances section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Four Arthurian Romances to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Four Arthurian Romances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Four Arthurian Romances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Originally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.