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Four Arthurian Romances
Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 236 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(Vv.
3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.
And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.
If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.
But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 236 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(Vv.
Line 2
3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.
Line 3
And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.
Line 4
If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.
Line 5
But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.
/bʌt ðeɪ soʊ fɪr tuː biː rəˈfjuːzd ðæt ðeɪ der nɑːt rɪˈviːl ðer hɑːrts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confess verb US /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading “If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.”

distress noun US /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading “3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.”

holds noun US /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading “If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.”

luck noun US /lʌk/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading “3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.”

reveal verb US /rɪˈviːl/

make visible

From this reading “But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.”

speaks verb US /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading “If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.”

torments noun US /ˈtɔːrments/

plural of “torment” — unbearable physical pain

From this reading “And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.”

troubles noun US /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading “And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3817

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

3864

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

Cligés

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

dukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

Fenice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

herspronounUS /hərz/

the one or ones belonging to her

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

lucknounUS /lʌk/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

privily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

revealverbUS /rɪˈviːl/

make visible

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

speaksverbUS /spiːks/

third-person singular of “speak” — express in speech

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

takesnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But they so fear to be refused that they dare not reveal their hearts.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

tormentsnounUS /ˈtɔːrments/

plural of “torment” — unbearable physical pain

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

Vv

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Vv.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading 3817-3864.) Now bad luck had fallen to the duke, who was in great distress and grief.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading And Cligés takes back Fenice, whose love torments and troubles him.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading If he does not confess to her now, love will long be his enemy, and hers too, if she holds her peace and speaks not the word which will bring him joy; for now each can tell the other privily the thoughts that lie within the heart.

Chapter 18 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 236 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Four Arthurian Romances contain?

Chapter 18 holds 236 sentences of Four Arthurian Romances, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 236 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Four Arthurian Romances?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances

Common questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Four Arthurian Romances?

Yes. All 9290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Four Arthurian Romances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #831, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Four Arthurian Romances take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Four Arthurian Romances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Four Arthurian Romances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Originally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.