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Four Arthurian Romances
Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
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(Vv.
6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.
But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.
The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.
When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(Vv.
Line 2
6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.
Line 3
But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.
/bʌt ˈθɜːrdiː naɪts maʊnt ɡɑːrd ˈoʊvər hɜːr ənd ðer ɑːr ten ˈteɪpərz ˈbɜːrnɪŋ ðer wɪtʃ laɪt ʌp ðə pleɪs ɔːl əˈbaʊt/
Line 4
The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.
/ðə naɪts wɜːr ˈwɪri ənd ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd baɪ ðə streɪn ðeɪ hæd ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn soʊ ðeɪ eɪt ənd dræŋk ðæt naɪt ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ɔːl fel saʊnd əˈsliːp/
Line 5
When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

exhausted adjective US /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading “The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.”

followers noun US /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading “When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.”

knights noun US /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading “But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.”

mount verb US /maʊnt/

attach to a support

From this reading “But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.”

steals noun US /stiːlz/

plural of “steal” — an advantageous purchase

From this reading “When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.”

strain noun US /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading “The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.”

tapers noun US /ˈteɪpərz/

plural of “taper” — a convex shape that narrows toward a point

From this reading “But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.”

undergone verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

6163

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

6316

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

atenounUS /eɪt/

goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

Cligés

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

drankverbUS /dræŋk/

inflected form of “drink” — take in liquids

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

Fenice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

mountverbUS /maʊnt/

attach to a support

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

sepulchre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

stealsnounUS /stiːlz/

plural of “steal” — an advantageous purchase

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

tapersnounUS /ˈteɪpərz/

plural of “taper” — a convex shape that narrows toward a point

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

undergoneverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading 6163-6316.) Fenice lies in the sepulchre until the darkness of night came on.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

Vv

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Vv.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The knights were weary and exhausted by the strain they had undergone; so they ate and drank that night until they all fell sound asleep.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But thirty knights mount guard over her, and there are ten tapers burning there, which light up the place all about.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When night came on, Cligés steals away from the court and from all his followers, so that there was not a single knight or servant who knew what had become of him.

Chapter 21 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 220 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Four Arthurian Romances contain?

Chapter 21 holds 220 sentences of Four Arthurian Romances, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 220 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Four Arthurian Romances?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances

Common questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Four Arthurian Romances?

Yes. All 9290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Four Arthurian Romances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #831, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Four Arthurian Romances take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Four Arthurian Romances section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Four Arthurian Romances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Four Arthurian Romances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Originally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.