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Four Arthurian Romances
Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.
The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.
(F.)]
[Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.
135 (ed.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 205 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.
Line 2
The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.
Line 3
(F.)]
/ef/
Line 4
[Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.
Line 5
135 (ed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cathedral noun US /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading “[Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.”

construction noun US /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading “[Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.”

dedicated adjective US /ˈdedəkeɪtəd/

devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose

From this reading “[Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.”

Footnote noun US /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading “[Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.”

lengthy adjective US /ˈleŋθi/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading “[Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.”

Marques noun US /mɑːrks/

plural of “marque” — a name given to a product or service

From this reading “[Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.”

stripped adjective US /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading “[Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.”

structure noun US /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading “The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.”

All words in this reading · 51

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1118

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

1227

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

135

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 135 (ed.

25

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

Alexandre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

Beauvais

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

cathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

Cligés

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

dedicatedadjectiveUS /ˈdedəkeɪtəd/

devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

ednounUS /ed/

impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis

From this reading 135 (ed.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading (F.)]

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

kernal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

lengthyadjectiveUS /ˈleŋθi/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

MarquesnounUS /mɑːrks/

plural of “marque” — a name given to a product or service

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

saintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

Soredamors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

strippedadjectiveUS /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading The earlier structure here referred to, destroyed in 1118, probably was also dedicated to the same saint.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading [Footnote 26: The real kernal of the Cligés story, stripped of its lengthy introduction concerning Alexandre and Soredamors, is told in a few lines in "Marques de Rome", p.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Footnote 25: The present cathedral of Beauvais is dedicated to St. Peter, and its construction was begun in 1227.

Chapter 22 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 205 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Four Arthurian Romances contain?

Chapter 22 holds 205 sentences of Four Arthurian Romances, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 205 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Four Arthurian Romances?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances

Common questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Four Arthurian Romances?

Yes. All 9290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Four Arthurian Romances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #831, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Four Arthurian Romances take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Four Arthurian Romances section by section

How to work through Four Arthurian Romances section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Four Arthurian Romances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Four Arthurian Romances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Originally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.