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Four Arthurian Romances
Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(Vv.
6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.
They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.
Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.
Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Four Arthurian Romances

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Four Arthurian Romances is here in full — 206 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(Vv.
Line 2
6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.
Line 3
They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.
/ðeɪ hæd ɔːlˈredi ɡɑːt aʊt fɔːr hɜːr ə ˈpælfri wɪð æn ˈiːzi peɪs/
Line 4
Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.
Line 5
Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.
/ˌɪnˈdiːd ʃiː hæd θɔːt ðæt ʃiː wʊd hæv tuː siːk əˈfɑːr bɪˈfɔːr dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afar adverb US /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading “Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.”

attained adjective US /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading “6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.”

discovering verb US /dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ/

-ing form of “discover” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading “Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.”

finds noun US /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading “Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.”

Gladly adverb US /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading “Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.”

mounts noun US /maʊnts/

plural of “mount” — a lightweight horse kept for riding only

From this reading “Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.”

palfrey noun US /ˈpælfri/

especially a light saddle horse for a woman

From this reading “They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.”

rides noun US /raɪdz/

plural of “ride” — a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)

From this reading “Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

6659

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

6716

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

discoveringverbUS /dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ/

-ing form of “discover” — discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

GladlyadverbUS /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

Lunete

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

mountsnounUS /maʊnts/

plural of “mount” — a lightweight horse kept for riding only

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

palfreynounUS /ˈpælfri/

especially a light saddle horse for a woman

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

pine-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

ridesnounUS /raɪdz/

plural of “ride” — a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

Vv

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (Vv.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Gladly and in a happy frame of mind Lunete mounts and rides away, until she finds beneath the pine-tree him whom she did not expect to find so near at hand.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They had already got out for her a palfrey with an easy pace.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading 6659-6716.) Lunete has now done well her work; there was nothing which she had desired so much as the object which she had now attained.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Indeed, she had thought that she would have to seek afar before discovering him.

Chapter 31 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien holds 206 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Four Arthurian Romances contain?

Chapter 31 holds 206 sentences of Four Arthurian Romances, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 206 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Four Arthurian Romances?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances

Common questions about reading Four Arthurian Romances by de Troyes, active 12th century Chrétien on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Four Arthurian Romances?

Yes. All 9290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Four Arthurian Romances is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #831, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Four Arthurian Romances take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Four Arthurian Romances section by section

How to work through Four Arthurian Romances section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Four Arthurian Romances

Words and structures a reader meets early in Four Arthurian Romances, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Originally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Four Arthurian Romances; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.