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Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose
Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose is here in full — 355 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Kenneth[Editor] Sisam • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
#Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.
_restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.
But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.
_u_ for OE.
_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose is here in full — 355 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
#Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.
Line 2
_restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.
Line 3
But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.
Line 4
_u_ for OE.
Line 5
_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

characteristic noun US /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading “_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
consonants noun US /ˈkɑːnsənənts/

plural of “consonant” — a speech sound that is not a vowel

From this reading “_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dialects noun US /ˈdaɪəlekts/

plural of “dialect” — the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading “_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
neighbourhood noun US /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
restore verb US /rɪˈstɔːr/

return to its original or usable and functioning condition

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
restorer noun US /rɪˈstɔːrər/

a skilled worker who is employed to restore or refinish buildings or antique furniture

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
rimes noun US /raɪmz/

plural of “rime” — ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading “#Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Western adjective US /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading “_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in the neighbourhood preposition + article + noun counted as “in … neighbourhood”

In this reading “_y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.”

9,520 times in 426,211 chapters

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.

Pending verification
166

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Pending verification
20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Pending verification
213

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.

Pending verification
286

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.

Pending verification
29

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Pending verification
8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.

Pending verification
adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
consonantsnounUS /ˈkɑːnsənənts/

plural of “consonant” — a speech sound that is not a vowel

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
dialectsnounUS /ˈdaɪəlekts/

plural of “dialect” — the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
halden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Pending verification
inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
labialadjective

of or relating to the lips of the mouth

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
MSnounUS /mɪz/

a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
OE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _u_ for OE.

Pending verification
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
OFr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Pending verification
oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
restoreverbUS /rɪˈstɔːr/

return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
restorernounUS /rɪˈstɔːrər/

a skilled worker who is employed to restore or refinish buildings or antique furniture

From this reading _restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
rimesnounUS /raɪmz/

plural of “rime” — ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
snaw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

Pending verification
SoundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
spuryed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

Pending verification
thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
unounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading _u_ for OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
WesternadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading But _a_ is often written in the MS.: _snaw_ 20, 166 (note rimes), _halden_ 29, &c.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ynounUS /waɪ/

a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

From this reading _y_, characteristic of Western dialects, is found especially in the neighbourhood of labial consonants: _spuryed_ (OE.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
þore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _restorer_) 213-15, _þore_: _restore_ 286-8.

Pending verification
ā

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Pending verification
ǭ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading #Sounds#: _ǭ_ for older _ā_ is common, and is proved for the original by rimes like _more_: _restore_ (OFr.

Pending verification

Chapter 10 of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose by Kenneth[Editor] Sisam holds 355 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose contain?

Chapter 10 holds 355 sentences of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose by Kenneth[Editor] Sisam exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 355 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

Common questions about reading Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose by Kenneth[Editor] Sisam on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose?

Yes. All 5880 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43736 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43736, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose take to read?

About 490 minutes of reading across 1176 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Periods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Promise
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourteenth Century Verse & Prose; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.