Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers
Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.
When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.
But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.
In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.
A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers is here in full — 393 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.
/soʊ ˈræpəd ənd ˈvɪɡərəs wɜːr ðə baʊndz ʌv ðə ɪnˈhæbətənt ʌv ðə ˈfɔːrəst ðæt ɪts ˈæktɪv freɪm siːmd ˈkɑːnstəntli ɪn ðə er waɪl ðə dɔːɡ ˈnɑːbli feɪst hɪz foʊ æt iːtʃ səkˈsesɪv liːp/
Line 2
When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.
Line 3
But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.
/bʌt eɪdʒ ənd hɪz ˈpæmpərd laɪf ˈɡreɪtli dɪˈskwɑːləfaɪd ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈmæstəf fɔːr sʌtʃ ə ˈstrʌɡəl/
Line 4
In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.
/ɪn ˈevriθɪŋ bʌt ˈkɜːrədʒ hiː wɑːz ˈoʊnli ðə ˈvestɪdʒ ʌv wʌt hiː hæd wʌns bɪn/
Line 5
A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disqualified adjective US /dɪˈskwɑːləfaɪd/

disqualified by law or rule or provision

From this reading “But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.”

distended verb US /dɪˈstendɪd/

past form of “distend” — become wider

From this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

inhabitant noun US /ɪnˈhæbətənt/

a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading “So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.”

mastiff noun US /ˈmæstəf/

an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog

From this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

pampered verb US /ˈpæmpərd/

past form of “pamper” — treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading “But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.”

rearing noun US /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

talons noun US /ˈtælənz/

plural of “talon” — a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey

From this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

vestige noun US /ˈvestɪdʒ/

an indication that something has been present

From this reading “In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hind legs noun + noun

In this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

shake off verb + particle

get rid of

In this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

own blood verb + noun

In this reading “When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

aimverbUS /eɪm/

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

alighted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

BraveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

dashverbUS /dæʃ/

run or move very quickly or hastily

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

dauntlessadjective

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

disqualifiedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskwɑːləfaɪd/

disqualified by law or rule or provision

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

distendedverbUS /dɪˈstendɪd/

past form of “distend” — become wider

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

dognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

favorableadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

featherverbUS /ˈfeðər/

join tongue and groove, in carpentry

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

frameverbUS /freɪm/

enclose in or as if in a frame

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

frayverbUS /freɪ/

wear away by rubbing

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

fruitlessadjectiveUS /ˈfruːtləs/

unproductive of success

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

hindnounUS /haɪnd/

any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

inhabitantnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənt/

a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

jawsnounUS /dʒɔːz/

plural of “jaw” — the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

leapnounUS /liːp/

a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

lightedadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪtəd/

set afire or burning

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

mastiffnounUS /ˈmæstəf/

an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

noblyadverbUS /ˈnɑːbli/

in a noble manner

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

pamperedverbUS /ˈpæmpərd/

past form of “pamper” — treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

panthernounUS /ˈpænθər/

a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

rearingnounUS /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

rushverbUS /rʌʃ/

move hurridly

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

stainedadjectiveUS /steɪnd/

marked or dyed or discolored with foreign matter

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading But age, and his pampered life, greatly disqualified the noble mastiff for such a struggle.

talonsnounUS /ˈtælənz/

plural of “talon” — a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

vestigenounUS /ˈvestɪdʒ/

an indication that something has been present

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

vigorousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

waryadjectiveUS /ˈweri/

marked by keen caution and watchful prudence

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In everything but courage he was only the vestige of what he had once been.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading So rapid and vigorous were the bounds of the inhabitant of the forest, that its active frame seemed constantly in the air, while the dog nobly faced his foe at each successive leap.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A higher bound than ever raised the wary and furious beast far beyond the reach of the dog, who was making a desperate but fruitless dash at her, from which she alighted in a favorable position on the back of her aged foe.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

woundsnounUS /wuːndz/

plural of “wound” — an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading When the panther lighted on the shoulders of the mastiff, which were its constant aim, old Brave, though torn with her talons, and stained with his own blood, that already flowed from a dozen wounds, would shake off his furious foe like a feather, and, rearing on his hind legs, rush to the fray again with his jaws distended and a dauntless eye.

Chapter 5 of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers by W. A. (William Albert) McIntyre holds 393 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers contain?

Chapter 5 holds 393 sentences of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers by W. A. (William Albert) McIntyre exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 393 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers

Common questions about reading Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers by W. A. (William Albert) McIntyre on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers?

Yes. All 3883 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51975 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51975, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers take to read?

About 323 minutes of reading across 777 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers section by section

How to work through Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mcintyre
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dearness
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brought
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Warrior
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fourth Reader: The Alexandra Readers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.