Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales
Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.
Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.
Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.
Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.
Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.
Line 2
Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.
Line 3
Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.
/stɪl wiː kʊd nɑːt help ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðæt ðə tʃaɪld wɑːz seɪf/
Line 4
Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.
/dʒæk ˈðerfɔːr dɪd hɪz best tuː kiːp hɪm ˈtɔːkɪŋ tɪl ˈaʊər frendz ʃʊd kʌm frʌm ðə hʌl/
Line 5
Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.
/ˈhæpəli ðə puːr ˈkriːtʃər wɑːz ˈveri fɑːnd ʌv ˈkiːpɪŋ hɪz tʌŋ ˈmuːvɪŋ æz ˈʌðər ˈpiːpəl wɪð ə ˈlɪmətəd səˈplaɪ ʌv breɪnz ɑːr æpt tuː duː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascertain verb US /ˌæsərˈteɪn/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading “Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.”

assertion noun US /əˈsɜːrʃən/

a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)

From this reading “"Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.”

brains noun US /breɪnz/

plural of “brain” — that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading “Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.”

Dicky noun US /ˈdɪki/

a small third seat in the back of an old-fashioned two-seater

From this reading “"Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.”

grin noun US /ɡrɪn/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading “"Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.”

Hull noun US /hʌl/

dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut

From this reading “Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.”

idiot noun US /ˈɪdiːət/

a person of subnormal intelligence

From this reading “Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.”

limited adjective US /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading “Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

poor creature adjective + noun

In this reading “Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.”

other people adjective + noun

In this reading “Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.”

with a grin preposition + article + noun counted as “with … grin”

In this reading “"Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.”

come from verb + particle

In this reading “Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.”

supply of verb + particle

In this reading “Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

ascertainverbUS /ˌæsərˈteɪn/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

assertionnounUS /əˈsɜːrʃən/

a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

brainsnounUS /breɪnz/

plural of “brain” — that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

DickynounUS /ˈdɪki/

a small third seat in the back of an old-fashioned two-seater

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

grinnounUS /ɡrɪn/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

HappilyadverbUS /ˈhæpəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

he's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

hopingverbUS /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

Hugh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

HullnounUS /hʌl/

dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

idiotnounUS /ˈɪdiːət/

a person of subnormal intelligence

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still, we could not help hoping that the child was safe.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Jack therefore did his best to keep him talking till our friends should come from the Hull.

tonguenounUS /tʌŋ/

a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Happily, the poor creature was very fond of keeping his tongue moving, as other people with a limited supply of brains are apt to do.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

wot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Oh, he's all right, and happy as he can be, I wot," said Dicky, with a grin, which made us doubt the truth of his assertion.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Our fear now, however, was that the idiot would escape from us before we could ascertain whether or not he really did know where little Hugh was.

Chapter 2 of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales contain?

Chapter 2 holds 410 sentences of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales

Common questions about reading Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales?

Yes. All 3588 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40692 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40692, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales take to read?

About 299 minutes of reading across 718 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales section by section

How to work through Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Foxholme
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foxholme Hall, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.