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Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817
Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.
Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.
_London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.
The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.
In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.
/aɪˈtælɪk fɑːnt ɪz ˈɪndəkeɪtəd baɪ ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/
Line 2
Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.
Line 3
_London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.
Line 4
The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.
Line 5
In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Austen's noun US /ˈɔːstɪnz/

possessive form of “austen” — English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

cancelled adjective US /ˈkænsəld/

(of events) no longer planned or scheduled

From this reading “In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.”

font noun US /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.”

Italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.”

Madras noun US /ˈmædrəs/

a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras

Shanghai noun US /ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ/

the largest city of China; located in the east on the Pacific; one of the largest ports in the world

Toronto noun US /tərˈɑːntoʊ/

the provincial capital and largest city in Ontario (and the largest city in Canada)

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

second edition noun + noun

In this reading “In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.”

three months noun + noun counted as “three month”

In this reading “_London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.”

indicated by verb + particle counted as “indicate by”

In this reading “Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.”

gave an account verb + article + noun counted as “give … account”

In this reading “In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.”

passed into verb + particle counted as “pass into”

In this reading “The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

1871

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

AnnanounUS /ˈænə/

a former copper coin of Pakistan and India

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

AustennounUS /ˈɔːstɪn/

English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

Austen'snounUS /ˈɔːstɪnz/

possessive form of “austen” — English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

Austen-Leigh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

BennounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

BombaynounUS /bɑːmˈbeɪ/

a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.

CalcuttanounUS /ˌkælˈkʌtə/

the largest city in India and one of the largest cities in the world; located in eastern India; suffers from poverty and overcrowding

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

cancelledadjectiveUS /ˈkænsəld/

(of events) no longer planned or scheduled

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

CapenounUS /keɪp/

a strip of land projecting into a body of water

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

concludingadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdɪŋ/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

CopenhagennounUS /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/

the capital and largest city of Denmark; located on the island of Zealand

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

editionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

fontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.

fragmentnounUS /ˈfræɡ.mənt/

A small part broken or separated off something larger.

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

GlasgownounUS /ˈɡlæskoʊ/

largest city in Scotland; a port on the Clyde in west central Scotland; one of the great shipbuilding centers of the world

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

half-brothernoun

a brother who has only one parent in common with you

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

indicatedverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtəd/

past form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

ItalicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

Jane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

LastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

Lefroy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

Lefroy's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

MadrasnounUS /ˈmædrəs/

a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

MelbournenounUS /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

MemoirnounUS /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

niecenounUS /niːs/

a daughter of your brother or sister

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

PersuasionnounUS /pərˈsweɪʒən/

the act of persuading (or attempting to persuade); communication intended to induce belief or action

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

rnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

rs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

Sanditon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

ShanghainounUS /ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ/

the largest city of China; located in the east on the Pacific; one of the largest ports in the world

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

Superscripted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

Susan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Superscripted letters are indicated thus: M^r, M^{rs}.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

TorontonounUS /tərˈɑːntoʊ/

the provincial capital and largest city in Ontario (and the largest city in Canada)

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

TownnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Italic font is indicated by _underscores_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The manuscript passed into the possession of Jane Austen’s niece Anna (Mrs. Ben Lefroy); and it was known to Mrs. Lefroy’s half-brother, James Edward Austen-Leigh, the author of the _Memoir of Jane Austen_ first published in 1870.

Watsons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

WorkverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In the second edition (1871) Mr. Austen-Leigh added the cancelled chapter of _Persuasion_, the fragment called _The Watsons_, and _Lady Susan_, and in his concluding chapter gave an account of ‘The Last Work’.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading _London_ _Edinburgh_ _Glasgow_ _Copenhagen_ _New York_ _Toronto_ _Melbourne_ _Cape Town_ _Bombay_ _Calcutta_ _Madras_ _Shanghai_ The fragment of a novel, written by Jane Austen in the first three months of the year in which she died, has no name; but it has long been known to members of her family as _Sanditon_.

Chapter 1 of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 by Jane Austen holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 35 sentences of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 by Jane Austen exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 by Jane Austen on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817?

Yes. All 679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #74233 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #74233, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 take to read?

About 56 minutes of reading across 136 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indicated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Superscripted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragment of a novel written by Jane Austen, January-March 1817; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.