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Fragments from France
Fragments from France

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Fragments from France is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.
The enemy scowled.
War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.
I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.
In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fragments from France

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Fragments from France is here in full — 105 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.
Line 2
The enemy scowled.
/ðə ˈenəmi skaʊld/
Line 3
War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.
Line 4
I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.
/aɪ fɪr ðə ˈenəmi wɪl biː ˈiːvɪn mɔːr ˌɪnˈfjʊrieɪtɪd wen hiː tɜːrnz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpeɪdʒəz ʌv ðɪs bʊk/
Line 5
In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.
/ɪn ɪt ðə ˈspɪrət ʌv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈsɪtəzən ˈsoʊldʒər huː ˈheɪtɪŋ wɔːr æz hiː ˈheɪtəd hel flɑːkt tuː ðə ˈkʌlərz tuː hæv hɪz wæk æt ðə əˈpɑːsəlz ʌv blʌd ənd ˈaɪərn ɪz trænzˈleɪtɪd tuː koʊld ənd ˈpɜːrmənənt prɪnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apostles noun US /əˈpɑːsəlz/

plural of “apostle” — an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform

From this reading “In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.”

Bystander noun US /ˈbaɪstændər/

a nonparticipant spectator

From this reading “A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.”

decadent adjective US /ˈdekədənt/

luxuriously self-indulgent

From this reading “War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.”

ditty noun US /ˈdɪti/

a short simple song (or the words of a poem intended to be sung)

From this reading “A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.”

flocked verb US /flɑːkt/

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading “In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.”

infuriated adjective US /ˌɪnˈfjʊrieɪtɪd/

marked by extreme anger

From this reading “I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.”

waged verb US /weɪdʒd/

past form of “wage” — carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)

From this reading “War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.”

whack verb US /wæk/

hit hard

From this reading “In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

apostlesnounUS /əˈpɑːsəlz/

plural of “apostle” — an ardent early supporter of a cause or reform

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

BystandernounUS /ˈbaɪstændər/

a nonparticipant spectator

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

citizennounUS /ˈsɪtəzən/

a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

coloursnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a distinguishing emblem

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

decadentadjectiveUS /ˈdekədənt/

luxuriously self-indulgent

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

denouncedverbUS /dɪˈnaʊnst/

past form of “denounce” — speak out against

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

dittynounUS /ˈdɪti/

a short simple song (or the words of a poem intended to be sung)

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

EditornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading The enemy scowled.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

FewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

flockedverbUS /flɑːkt/

past form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

FragmentsnounUS /ˈfræɡmənts/

plural of “fragment” — a piece broken off or cut off of something else

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

hallsnounUS /hɔːlz/

plural of “hall” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

hatenounUS /heɪt/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

hatingverbUS /ˈheɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “hate” — dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

hellnounUS /hel/

any place of pain and turmoil

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

HENnounUS /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

hymnsters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

infuriatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfjʊrieɪtɪd/

marked by extreme anger

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

kultur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

latestadjectiveUS /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

laughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

permanentadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

printnounUS /prɪnt/

the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

professorsnounUS /prəˈfesərz/

plural of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

sangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

scowledverbUS /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading The enemy scowled.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

singingnounUS /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

the act of singing vocal music

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

smilingnounUS /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/

a facial expression characterized by turning up the corners of the mouth; usually shows pleasure or amusement

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

Tipperary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

Tommy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

translatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

unworthyadjectiveUS /ənˈwɜːrði/

lacking in value or merit

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

wagedverbUS /weɪdʒd/

past form of “wage” — carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading A Few Fragments from His Life _By the Editor of "The Bystander."_ HEN Tommy went out to the great war, he went smiling, and singing the latest ditty of the halls.

whackverbUS /wæk/

hit hard

From this reading In it the spirit of the British citizen soldier, who, hating war as he hated hell, flocked to the colours to have his whack at the apostles of blood and iron, is translated to cold and permanent print.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading I fear the enemy will be even more infuriated when he turns over the pages of this book.

world-power

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading War, said his professors of kultur and his hymnsters of hate, could never be waged in the Tipperary spirit, and the nation that sent to the front soldiers who sang and laughed must be the very decadent England they had all along denounced as unworthy of world-power.

Chapter 1 of Fragments from France by Bruce Bairnsfather holds 105 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Fragments from France contain?

Chapter 1 holds 105 sentences of Fragments from France, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Fragments from France by Bruce Bairnsfather exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 105 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Fragments from France?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fragments from France

Common questions about reading Fragments from France by Bruce Bairnsfather on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fragments from France?

Yes. All 105 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25951 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fragments from France is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25951, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fragments from France take to read?

About 8 minutes of reading across 21 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fragments from France section by section

How to work through Fragments from France section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Fragments from France to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fragments from France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fragments from France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fragments
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragments from France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragments from France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bystander
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragments from France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tommy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fragments from France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.