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France and England in North America, Part III
France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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1678.
PARTY STRIFE.
La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.
106 1677, 1678.
THE GRAND ENTERPRISE.
La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
1678.
Line 2
PARTY STRIFE.
/ˈpɑːrti straɪf/
Line 3
La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.
Line 4
106 1677, 1678.
Line 5
THE GRAND ENTERPRISE.
/ðə ɡrænd ˈentərpraɪz/
Line 6
La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ascendency noun US /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Inquisitors noun US /ˌɪnˈkwɪzətərz/

plural of “inquisitor” — a questioner who is excessively harsh

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Intrigues noun US /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Jesuit noun US /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Jesuits noun US /ˈdʒeʒuːɪts/

plural of “jesuit” — a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Memorial noun US /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading “La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120”

Missions noun US /ˈmɪʃənz/

plural of “mission” — an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Plots noun US /plɑːts/

plural of “plot” — a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading “La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at Court preposition + noun

In this reading “La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120”

All words in this reading · 46

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

106

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 106 1677, 1678.

120

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

1677

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 106 1677, 1678.

1678

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1678.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

ApprovalnounUS /əˈpruːvəl/

the formal act of approving

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

AscendencynounUS /əˈsendənsi/

the state that exists when one person or group has power over another

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

BrothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

CanadanounUS /ˈkænədə/

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

ENTERPRISEnounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading THE GRAND ENTERPRISE.

exculpates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

FemaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

Frontenac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

Fur-trade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

GRANDadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading THE GRAND ENTERPRISE.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

Henri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

InquisitorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈkwɪzətərz/

plural of “inquisitor” — a questioner who is excessively harsh

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

IntriguesnounUS /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

JesuitnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

JesuitsnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪts/

plural of “jesuit” — a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

MeansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

MemorialnounUS /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

MissionsnounUS /ˈmɪʃənz/

plural of “mission” — an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

MoneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

PARTYnounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading PARTY STRIFE.

PlotsnounUS /plɑːts/

plural of “plot” — a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

poisonedverbUS /ˈpɔɪzənd/

past form of “poison” — spoil as if by poison

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

PriestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

RenewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

ReporternounUS /rɪˈpɔːrtər/

a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

ReturnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

Salle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

STRIFEnounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading PARTY STRIFE.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading La Salle and his Reporter.--Jesuit Ascendency.--The Missions and the Fur-trade.--Female Inquisitors.--Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.--Intrigues of the Jesuits.--La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.--Renewed Intrigues.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

Tonty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle at Fort Frontenac.--La Salle at Court: his Memorial.--Approval of the King.--Money and Means.--Henri de Tonty.--Return to Canada. 120

Chapter 4 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of France and England in North America, Part III contain?

Chapter 4 holds 6 sentences of France and England in North America, Part III, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 6 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of France and England in North America, Part III?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading France and England in North America, Part III

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Is this the complete text of France and England in North America, Part III?

Yes. All 6411 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of France and England in North America, Part III is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 534 minutes of reading across 1283 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in France and England in North America, Part III

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