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France and England in North America, Part III
France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 6 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 6
1681.
LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.
His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.
283 1681-1682.
SUCCESS OF LA SALLE.
His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
1681.
Line 2
LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.
Line 3
His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.
Line 4
283 1681-1682.
Line 5
SUCCESS OF LA SALLE.
Line 6
His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arkansas noun US /ˈɑːrkənsɑː/

a state in south central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading “His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295”

Constancy noun US /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading “His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.”

Hostility noun US /hɑːˈstɪləti/

a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition

From this reading “His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295”

Mississippi noun US /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading “His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295”

Natchez noun US /ˈnætʃez/

a town in southwest Mississippi on the Mississippi River

From this reading “His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295”

Negotiations noun US /nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “negotiation” — a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading “His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.”

Oratory noun US /ˈɔːrətɔːri/

addressing an audience formally (usually a long and rhetorical address and often pompous)

From this reading “His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.”

Portage noun US /ˈpɔːrtədʒ/

the cost of carrying or transporting

From this reading “His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

BEGINS ANEW verb + particle counted as “begin anew”

In this reading “LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.”

Grand Council adjective + noun

In this reading “His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1681

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1681.

1682

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 283 1681-1682.

283

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 283 1681-1682.

295

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

AlliesnounUS /ˈælaɪz/

the alliance of nations that fought the Axis in World War II and which (with subsequent additions) signed the charter of the United Nations in 1945

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

ANEWadverbUS /əˈnuː/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.

ArkansasnounUS /ˈɑːrkənsɑː/

a state in south central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

BEGINSnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

ConstancynounUS /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

CouncilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

DeparturenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

DescentnounUS /dɪˈsent/

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

FollowersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

HostilitynounUS /hɑːˈstɪləti/

a hostile (very unfriendly) disposition

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

HunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

LAnounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.

LostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

LouisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion for 12 years (1914-1981)

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

MeetingnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

MississippinounUS /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

MouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

NatcheznounUS /ˈnætʃez/

a town in southwest Mississippi on the Mississippi River

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

NegotiationsnounUS /nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “negotiation” — a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SUCCESS OF LA SALLE.

OratorynounUS /ˈɔːrətɔːri/

addressing an audience formally (usually a long and rhetorical address and often pompous)

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

PlansnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

PortagenounUS /ˈpɔːrtədʒ/

the cost of carrying or transporting

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

PreparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

proclaimedadjectiveUS /proʊˈkleɪmd/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

SALLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.

Salle's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

SavageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

Snow-blindverb

affect with snow blindness

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

SovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

SUCCESSnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading SUCCESS OF LA SALLE.

Taensas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

Tonty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.--Negotiations.--Grand Council.--La Salle's Oratory.--Meeting with Tonty.--Preparation.--Departure.

XIVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of thirteen and one

From this reading His Followers.--The Chicago Portage.--Descent of the Mississippi.--The Lost Hunter.--The Arkansas.--The Taensas.--The Natchez.--Hostility.--The Mouth of the Mississippi.--Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West. 295

Chapter 8 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of France and England in North America, Part III contain?

Chapter 8 holds 6 sentences of France and England in North America, Part III, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 6 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of France and England in North America, Part III?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading France and England in North America, Part III

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Is this the complete text of France and England in North America, Part III?

Yes. All 6411 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of France and England in North America, Part III is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does France and England in North America, Part III take to read?

About 534 minutes of reading across 1283 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in France and England in North America, Part III

Words and structures a reader meets early in France and England in North America, Part III, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Original
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Spelling
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Variations
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