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France and England in North America, Part III
France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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1680-1683.
LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.
Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.
328 1684.
A NEW ENTERPRISE.
La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
1680-1683.
Line 2
LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.
Line 3
Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.
Line 4
328 1684.
Line 5
A NEW ENTERPRISE.
/ə nuː ˈentərpraɪz/
Line 6
La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contrasts noun US /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

Detractors noun US /dɪˈtræktərz/

plural of “detractor” — one who disparages or belittles the worth of something

From this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

Harshness noun US /ˈhɑːrʃnəs/

the roughness of a substance that causes abrasions

From this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

intrigues noun US /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

Louisiana noun US /luːˌiːziˈænə/

a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading “La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343”

Ostentation noun US /ˌɔːstenˈteɪʃən/

a gaudy outward display

From this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

Proposals noun US /prəˈpoʊzəlz/

plural of “proposal” — something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

From this reading “La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343”

unpopular adjective US /ˌʌnˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with disfavor or lacking general approval

From this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Mental Condition adjective + noun

(psychology) a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic

In this reading “La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343”

NEW ENTERPRISE adjective + noun

In this reading “A NEW ENTERPRISE.”

charges of verb + particle counted as “charge of”

In this reading “Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.”

at Court preposition + noun

In this reading “La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1680

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1680-1683.

1683

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1680-1683.

1684

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 328 1684.

328

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 328 1684.

343

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

ActionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

allegedadjectiveUS /əˈledʒd/

declared but not proved

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

Beaujeu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.

CharacternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

chargesnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “charge” — an impetuous rush toward someone or something

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

CommandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

ConditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

ConfessionnounUS /kənˈfeʃən/

an admission of misdeeds or faults

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

contrastsnounUS /ˈkɑːntræsts/

plural of “contrast” — the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

CorrespondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

DetractorsnounUS /dɪˈtræktərz/

plural of “detractor” — one who disparages or belittles the worth of something

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

DifficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

DividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

ENTERPRISEnounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading A NEW ENTERPRISE.

FarewellnounUS /ˌferˈwel/

an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

FavorverbUS /ˈfeɪvər/

promote over another

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

HarshnessnounUS /ˈhɑːrʃnəs/

the roughness of a substance that causes abrasions

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

HIMSELFpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

intriguesnounUS /ˌɪnˈtriːɡz/

plural of “intrigue” — a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

InvasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

LAnounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.

LettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

LouisiananounUS /luːˌiːziˈænə/

a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

MannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

MarriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

MentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

MexiconounUS /ˈmeksəkoʊ/

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A NEW ENTERPRISE.

OccupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

OstentationnounUS /ˌɔːstenˈteɪʃən/

a gaudy outward display

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

PAINTEDadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.

PositionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

PreparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

ProposalsnounUS /prəˈpoʊzəlz/

plural of “proposal” — something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

ReportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

risksnounUS /rɪsks/

plural of “risk” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

SALLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.

StrangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

StrengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading La Salle at Court: his Proposals.--Occupation of Louisiana.--Invasion of Mexico.--Royal Favor.--Preparation.--A Divided Command.--Beaujeu and La Salle.--Mental Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother. 343

TradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

Unfitnessnoun

poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition (as from a life of ease and luxury)

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

unpopularadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with disfavor or lacking general approval

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

vexations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

WeaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading Difficulty of knowing him; his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation; motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.

Chapter 9 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of France and England in North America, Part III contain?

Chapter 9 holds 6 sentences of France and England in North America, Part III, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 6 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of France and England in North America, Part III?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading France and England in North America, Part III

Common questions about reading France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of France and England in North America, Part III?

Yes. All 6411 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of France and England in North America, Part III is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does France and England in North America, Part III take to read?

About 534 minutes of reading across 1283 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read France and England in North America, Part III section by section

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Vocabulary met early in France and England in North America, Part III

Words and structures a reader meets early in France and England in North America, Part III, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of France and England in North America, Part III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spelling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of France and England in North America, Part III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Variations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of France and England in North America, Part III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harmonized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of France and England in North America, Part III; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.