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France and England in North America, Part III
France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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1680.
HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.
The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.
La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.
He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

France and England in North America, Part III

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of France and England in North America, Part III is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1680.
Line 2
HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.
Line 3
The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.
Line 4
La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.
Line 5
He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

associates noun US /əˈsoʊsiəts/

plural of “associate” — a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor

From this reading “He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.”

Griffin noun US /ˈɡrɪfɪn/

winged monster with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion

From this reading “He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.”

Michigan noun US /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading “The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.”

Mutineers noun US /ˌmjuːtɪˈnɪrz/

plural of “mutineer” — someone who is openly rebellious and refuses to obey authorities (especially seamen or soldiers)

From this reading “The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.”

Mutiny noun US /ˈmjuːtəni/

open rebellion against constituted authority (especially by seamen or soldiers against their officers)

From this reading “The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.”

retarded adjective US /rɪˈtɑːrdɪd/

relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development

From this reading “He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.”

spurred verb US /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading “La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.”

stead noun US /sted/

the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another

From this reading “He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

consumed by verb + particle counted as “consume by”

In this reading “He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.”

War Parties noun + noun counted as “war party”

a band of warriors who raid or fight an enemy (used especially of Native Americans)

In this reading “The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1680

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1680.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

associatesnounUS /əˈsoʊsiəts/

plural of “associate” — a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

Chastisementnoun

verbal punishment

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

consumedverbUS /kənˈsuːmd/

past form of “consume” — eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

DesertedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

expensesnounUS /ɪkˈspensəz/

plural of “expense” — amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

GriffinnounUS /ˈɡrɪfɪn/

winged monster with the head of an eagle and the body of a lion

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

HARDIHOODnoun

the trait of being willing to undertake things that involve risk or danger

From this reading HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

IlladjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

JourneyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

LAnounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.

LakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

MichigannounUS /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

MutineersnounUS /ˌmjuːtɪˈnɪrz/

plural of “mutineer” — someone who is openly rebellious and refuses to obey authorities (especially seamen or soldiers)

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

MutinynounUS /ˈmjuːtəni/

open rebellion against constituted authority (especially by seamen or soldiers against their officers)

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

PartiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

replacedverbUS /ˌriːˈpleɪst/

past form of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

retardedadjectiveUS /rɪˈtɑːrdɪd/

relatively slow in mental or emotional or physical development

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

RocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

SALLE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.

Salle's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

spurredverbUS /spɜːrd/

inflected form of “spur” — incite or stimulate

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

StarvedadjectiveUS /stɑːrvd/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

steadnounUS /sted/

the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

TidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

TownnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading La Salle well knew what was before him, and nothing but necessity spurred him to this desperate journey.

WildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

WinternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The Winter Journey.--The Deserted Town.--Starved Rock.--Lake Michigan.--The Wilderness.--War Parties.--La Salle's Men give out.--Ill Tidings.--Mutiny.--Chastisement of the Mutineers.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading He says that he could trust nobody else to go in his stead, and that unless the articles lost in the "Griffin" were replaced without delay, the expedition would be retarded a full year, and he and his associates consumed by its expenses.

Chapter 21 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman holds 124 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of France and England in North America, Part III contain?

Chapter 21 holds 124 sentences of France and England in North America, Part III, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of France and England in North America, Part III by Francis Parkman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 124 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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