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François the waif
François the waif

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of François the waif is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for François the waif
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO.
François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.
It offers many difficulties to the translator.
It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.
Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

François the waif

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of François the waif is here in full — 170 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO.
/dʒɔːrdʒ eɪtʃ ˈrɪtʃmənd koʊ/
Line 2
François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.
Line 3
It offers many difficulties to the translator.
/ɪt ˈɔːfərz ˈmeni ˈdɪfəkəltiz tuː ðə trænˈsleɪtər/
Line 4
It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.
Line 5
Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.
/ɡreɪt ker hæz bɪn ˈteɪkən tuː kiːp ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ʌv ðɪs ˈvɜːrʒən ˈsɪmpəl ənd ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk ənd jet rɪˈlɪdʒəsli tuː əˈvɔɪd ˈeni briːtʃ ʌv feɪθ təˈwɔːrd ðə ˈɔːθər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arcadia noun US /ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/

a department of Greece in the central Peloponnese

From this reading “François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.”

degenerate noun US /dɪˈdʒenərət/

a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior

From this reading “It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.”

idiomatic adjective US /ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk/

of or relating to or conforming to idiom

From this reading “Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.”

monotony noun US /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading “It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.”

prone adjective US /proʊn/

having a tendency (to); often used in combination

From this reading “It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.”

religiously adverb US /rɪˈlɪdʒəsli/

by religion

From this reading “Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.”

translator noun US /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading “It offers many difficulties to the translator.”

vista noun US /ˈvɪstə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading “François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

avoid any verb + adjective

In this reading “Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.”

put into verb + particle

In this reading “It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.”

breach of verb + particle

In this reading “Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.”

Great care adjective + noun

more attention and consideration than is normally bestowed by prudent persons

In this reading “Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.”

All words in this reading · 82

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

ArcadianounUS /ɑːrˈkeɪdiə/

a department of Greece in the central Peloponnese

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

avoidverbUS /əˈvɔɪd/

stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

breachverbUS /briːtʃ/

act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

caresnounUS /kerz/

plural of “care” — the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

Champi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

COnounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO.

degeneratenounUS /dɪˈdʒenərət/

a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading It offers many difficulties to the translator.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

François

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

homelyadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊmli/

lacking in physical beauty or proportion

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

idiomaticadjectiveUS /ˌɪdiəˈmætɪk/

of or relating to or conforming to idiom

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

idylnoun

a musical composition that evokes rural life

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It offers many difficulties to the translator.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

lenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It offers many difficulties to the translator.

mawkishnessnoun

insincere pathos

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

monotonynounUS /məˈnɑːtəni/

the quality of wearisome constancy, routine, and lack of variety

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

mouthsnounUS /maʊðz/

plural of “mouth” — the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

offersnounUS /ˈɔːfərz/

plural of “offer” — the verbal act of offering

From this reading It offers many difficulties to the translator.

opensnounUS /ˈoʊpənz/

plural of “open” — a clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

proneadjectiveUS /proʊn/

having a tendency (to); often used in combination

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

relateverbUS /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

religiouslyadverbUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəsli/

by religion

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

RICHMONDnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO.

rusticadjectiveUS /ˈrʌstɪk/

characteristic of rural life

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

self-devotion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

translatornounUS /trænˈsleɪtər/

a person who translates written messages from one language to another

From this reading It offers many difficulties to the translator.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

vistanounUS /ˈvɪstə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading François le Champi, a pretty idyl that tells of homely affections, self-devotion, "humble cares and delicate fears," opens a little vista into that Arcadia to which, the poet says, we were all born.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is a rustic tale, put into the mouths of peasants, who relate it with a primitive simplicity, sweet and full of sentiment in the French, but prone to degenerate into mawkishness and monotony when turned into English.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Great care has been taken to keep the English of this version simple and idiomatic, and yet religiously to avoid any breach of faith toward the author.

Chapter 1 of François the waif by George Sand holds 170 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of François the waif contain?

Chapter 1 holds 170 sentences of François the waif, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of François the waif by George Sand exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 170 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of François the waif?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading François the waif

Common questions about reading François the waif by George Sand on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of François the waif?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of François the waif is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does François the waif take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read François the waif section by section

How to work through François the waif section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of François the waif to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in François the waif

Words and structures a reader meets early in François the waif, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of François the waif, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of François the waif, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of François the waif, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.