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François the waif
François the waif

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of François the waif is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for François the waif
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.
I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.
This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.
As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.
Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

François the waif

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of François the waif is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.
Line 2
I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.
Line 3
This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.
Line 4
As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.
Line 5
Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.
/ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ æt ðɪs θɔːt hɜːr spliːn roʊz ənd ɡreɪt ˈprɑːdʒekts ʌv riˈvendʒ pæst θruː hɜːr hed/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Chafing noun US /ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ/

soreness or irritation of the skin caused by friction

From this reading “Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.”

discreetly adverb US /dɪˈskriːtli/

with discretion; prudently and with wise self-restraint

From this reading “I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.”

discretion noun US /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading “I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.”

incensed adjective US /ˈɪnsenst/

angered at something unjust or wrong

From this reading “As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.”

projects noun US /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading “Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.”

scorned adjective US /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading “As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.”

spleen noun US /spliːn/

a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses

From this reading “Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.”

waif noun US /weɪf/

a homeless child especially one forsaken or orphaned

From this reading “THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

any harm adjective + noun

In this reading “I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.”

passed through verb + particle counted as “pass through”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.”

at night preposition + noun

In this reading “As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.”

think of verb + particle

keep in mind for attention or consideration

In this reading “THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

behavedverbUS /bɪˈheɪvd/

past form of “behave” — behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

ChafingnounUS /ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ/

soreness or irritation of the skin caused by friction

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

discreetlyadverbUS /dɪˈskriːtli/

with discretion; prudently and with wise self-restraint

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

discretionnounUS /dɪˈskreʃən/

freedom to act or judge on one's own

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

foolnounUS /fuːl/

a person who lacks good judgment

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

harmnounUS /hɑːrm/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

incensedadjectiveUS /ˈɪnsenst/

angered at something unjust or wrong

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

MadamenounUS /ˈmædəm/

title used for a married Frenchwoman

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

Madeleine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

refinedadjectiveUS /rəˈfaɪnd/

(used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel

From this reading This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.

revengenounUS /riˈvendʒ/

action taken in return for an injury or offense

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

scornedadjectiveUS /skɔːrnd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

spleennounUS /spliːn/

a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

Sévère

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading I cannot say that I should have behaved as discreetly as he in such an adventure; but a little discretion never does any harm, and then I am telling things as they happened.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading As Madame Sévère thought over the matter at night, she became incensed against him, and perceived that he had scorned her and was not the fool she had taken him for.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Chafing at this thought, her spleen rose, and great projects of revenge passed through her head.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

waifnounUS /weɪf/

a homeless child especially one forsaken or orphaned

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.

well-brought-up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This boy was as refined as a well-brought-up girl.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THE waif never told Madeleine what Sévère had given him to understand; he would not have dared, and indeed dared not even think of it himself.

Chapter 10 of François the waif by George Sand holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of François the waif contain?

Chapter 10 holds 90 sentences of François the waif, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of François the waif by George Sand exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in François the waif

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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