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Franklin's Autobiography
Franklin's Autobiography

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Franklin's Autobiography is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
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Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.
The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.
We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.
To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.
Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Franklin's Autobiography

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Franklin's Autobiography is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.
Line 2
The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.
/ðə əˈmerəkən ˈɔːfɪs ˈnevər hæd ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː peɪd ˈeniθɪŋ tuː ðæt ʌv ɡreɪt ˈbrɪtən/
Line 3
We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.
/wiː wɜːr tuː hæv sɪks ˈhʌndrəd paʊndz ə jɪr bɪˈtwiːn ʌs ɪf wiː kʊd meɪk ðæt sʌm aʊt ʌv ðə ˈprɑːfɪts ʌv ðə ˈɔːfɪs/
Line 4
To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.
/tuː duː ðɪs ə vərˈaɪəti ʌv ˌɪmˈpruːvmənts wɜːr ˈnesəseri/
Line 5
Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comptroller noun US /kəmˈtroʊlər/

someone who maintains and audits business accounts

From this reading “Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.”

displaced verb US /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

freak noun US /friːk/

a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed

From this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

improvements noun US /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənts/

plural of “improvement” — a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading “To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.”

inevitably adverb US /ˌɪˈnevətəbli/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

jointly adverb US /ˈdʒɔɪntli/

in collaboration or cooperation

From this reading “Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.”

regulating noun US /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪŋ/

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

From this reading “Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.”

revenue noun US /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

post office verb + noun

a local branch where postal services are available

In this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

pounds a year verb + article + noun counted as “pound … year”

In this reading “We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.”

six hundred noun + noun

In this reading “We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.”

nine hundred noun + noun

In this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

three times noun + noun

by a factor of three

In this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

four years noun + noun

In this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

some time adjective + noun

In this reading “Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.”

displaced by verb + particle counted as “displace by”

In this reading “Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

149

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

150

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

1753

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

bringingnounUS /ˈbrɪŋɪŋ/

the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

commissionnounUS /kəˈmɪʃən/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

comptrollernounUS /kəmˈtroʊlər/

someone who maintains and audits business accounts

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

CrownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

displacedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

expensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspensɪv/

high in price or charging high prices

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

freaknounUS /friːk/

a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

hereafteradverbUS /hɪˈræftər/

in a subsequent part of this document or statement or matter etc.

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

HunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

improvementsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənts/

plural of “improvement” — a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

inevitablyadverbUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbli/

in such a manner as could not be otherwise

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

jointlyadverbUS /ˈdʒɔɪntli/

in collaboration or cooperation

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

ministersnounUS /ˈmɪnəstərz/

plural of “minister” — a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

officesnounUS /ˈɔːfəsəz/

plural of “office” — place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

postverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

postmaster-general

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

profitsnounUS /ˈprɑːfɪts/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

regulatingnounUS /ˈreɡjəleɪtɪŋ/

the act of controlling or directing according to rule

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

repayverbUS /riˈpeɪ/

pay back

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

revenuenounUS /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

succeedverbUS /səkˈsiːd/

attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The American office never had hitherto paid anything to that of Great Britain.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading To do this a variety of improvements were necessary.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Having been for some time employed by the postmaster-general of America as his comptroller[149] in regulating several offices, and bringing the officers to account, I was, upon his death, in 1753, appointed, jointly with Mr. William Hunter, to succeed him, by a commission from the postmaster-general in England.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading We were to have six hundred pounds a year between us, if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

yieldverbUS /jiːld/

be the cause or source of

From this reading Some of these were inevitably at first expensive, so that in the first four years the office became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us; but it soon after began to repay us, and before I was displaced by a freak of the ministers,[150] of which I shall speak hereafter, we had brought it to yield three times as much clear revenue to the Crown as the post office of Ireland.

Chapter 5 of Franklin's Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Franklin's Autobiography contain?

Chapter 5 holds 423 sentences of Franklin's Autobiography, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Franklin's Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Franklin's Autobiography?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Franklin's Autobiography

Common questions about reading Franklin's Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Franklin's Autobiography?

Yes. All 2541 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36151 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Franklin's Autobiography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36151, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Franklin's Autobiography take to read?

About 211 minutes of reading across 509 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Franklin's Autobiography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Franklin's Autobiography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Franklin's Autobiography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Franklin's Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Department
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Franklin's Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Louisville
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Franklin's Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
School
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Franklin's Autobiography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.