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Fred Markham in Russia
Fred Markham in Russia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Fred Markham in Russia is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fred Markham in Russia
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.
Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.
One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.
This was 1856.
The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fred Markham in Russia

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Fred Markham in Russia is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.
Line 2
Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.
Line 3
One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.
Line 4
This was 1856.
Line 5
The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.
/ðə bɔɪz ˈmʌðər ɪz ɡlæd ðeɪ ɑːr nɑːt ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː fɑːr sʌtʃ æz tuː ðə æntɪpoʊdiz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adult noun US /əˈdʌlt/

a fully developed person from maturity onward

From this reading “Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.”

Antipodes noun US /æntɪpoʊdiz/

any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth

From this reading “The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.”

Czar noun US /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading “Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.”

Kingston noun US /ˈkɪŋstən/

a town on the Hudson River in New York

From this reading “Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.”

naval adjective US /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading “Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.”

retirement noun US /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading “Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.”

Russia noun US /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading “Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.”

Travellers noun US /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading “Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1856

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was 1856.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

adultnounUS /əˈdʌlt/

a fully developed person from maturity onward

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

AntipodesnounUS /æntɪpoʊdiz/

any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

asksverbUS /æsks/

third-person singular of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

BoynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

CousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

CzarnounUS /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

Fred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

Giles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

gladadjectiveUS /ɡlæd/

showing or causing joy and pleasure; especially made happy

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

KingstonnounUS /ˈkɪŋstən/

a town on the Hudson River in New York

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

Markham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

retirementnounUS /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was 1856.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The boys' mother is glad they are not going too far, such as to the Antipodes.

TravellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Fred Markham in Russia; or, The Boy Travellers in the Land of the Czar, by W H G Kingston.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was 1856.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Fred and his brother have an adult friend, Cousin Giles, who is a naval officer who had served under the boys' father, before injury had compelled his retirement.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One day Cousin Giles asks the boys to come with him on a visit to Russia.

Chapter 1 of Fred Markham in Russia by William Henry Giles Kingston holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Fred Markham in Russia contain?

Chapter 1 holds 417 sentences of Fred Markham in Russia, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Fred Markham in Russia by William Henry Giles Kingston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Fred Markham in Russia?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fred Markham in Russia

Common questions about reading Fred Markham in Russia by William Henry Giles Kingston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fred Markham in Russia?

Yes. All 3793 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21461 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fred Markham in Russia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21461, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fred Markham in Russia take to read?

About 316 minutes of reading across 759 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fred Markham in Russia section by section

How to work through Fred Markham in Russia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Fred Markham in Russia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fred Markham in Russia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fred Markham in Russia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Markham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fred Markham in Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fred Markham in Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Travellers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fred Markham in Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fred Markham in Russia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.