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French and English

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of French and English is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for French and English
Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To the west! to the west! to the west!
Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.
They were but a handful of bold spirits.
It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.
There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

French and English

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of French and English is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To the west! to the west! to the west!
/tuː ðə west tuː ðə west tuː ðə west/
Line 2
Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.
/sʌtʃ wɑːz ðə ˈwɑːtʃwɜːrd ʌv ðə bænd ʌv ˈstɜːrdi ˈreɪndʒərz huː set fɔːrθ frʌm ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə tuː ðə dɪˈfens ʌv ðə ˈhæpləs ˈsetlərz/
Line 3
They were but a handful of bold spirits.
/ðeɪ wɜːr bʌt ə ˈhændfʊl ʌv boʊld ˈspɪrɪts/
Line 4
It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.
Line 5
There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.
/ðer wɑːz wɜːrk fɔːr ðə ˈlɪtəl bænd tuː duː əˈmʌŋst ðiːz ˈskætərd ˈhoʊldɪŋz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

hapless adjective US /ˈhæpləs/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading “Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.”

holdings noun US /ˈhoʊldɪŋz/

plural of “holding” — the act of retaining something

From this reading “There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.”

Pennsylvania noun US /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.”

Rangers noun US /ˈreɪndʒərz/

plural of “ranger” — a member of the Texas state highway patrol; formerly a mounted lawman who maintained order on the frontier

From this reading “Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.”

settler noun US /ˈsetələr/

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.”

settlers noun US /ˈsetlərz/

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading “Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.”

stem noun US /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading “It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.”

watchword noun US /ˈwɑːtʃwɜːrd/

a slogan used to rally support for a cause

From this reading “Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

accomplishverbUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃ/

put in effect

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

achingadjectiveUS /ˈeɪkɪŋ/

causing a dull and steady pain

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

attemptingverbUS /əˈtemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “attempt” — make an effort or attempt

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

handfulnounUS /ˈhændfʊl/

a small number or amount

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

haplessadjectiveUS /ˈhæpləs/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

holdingsnounUS /ˈhoʊldɪŋz/

plural of “holding” — the act of retaining something

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

intrenchverb

fix firmly or securely

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

nerved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

PennsylvanianounUS /ˌpensəlˈveɪnjə/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

RangersnounUS /ˈreɪndʒərz/

plural of “ranger” — a member of the Texas state highway patrol; formerly a mounted lawman who maintained order on the frontier

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

settlernounUS /ˈsetələr/

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

settlersnounUS /ˈsetlərz/

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

stemnounUS /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To the west! to the west! to the west!

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To the west! to the west! to the west!

utterverbUS /ˈʌtər/

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

watchwordnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃwɜːrd/

a slogan used to rally support for a cause

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was little they could hope to accomplish in attempting to stem the tide of war; but their presence brought comfort to many an aching heart, and nerved many a lonely settler to intrench and defend his house and family, instead of giving way to utter despair.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were but a handful of bold spirits.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading To the west! to the west! to the west!

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Such was the watchword of the band of sturdy Rangers who set forth from Pennsylvania to the defence of the hapless settlers.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading There was work for the little band to do amongst these scattered holdings.

Chapter 4 of French and English by Evelyn Everett-Green holds 239 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of French and English contain?

Chapter 4 holds 239 sentences of French and English, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of French and English by Evelyn Everett-Green exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 239 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of French and English?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading French and English

Common questions about reading French and English by Evelyn Everett-Green on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of French and English?

Yes. All 6277 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15958 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of French and English is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15958, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does French and English take to read?

About 523 minutes of reading across 1256 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read French and English section by section

How to work through French and English section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of French and English to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in French and English

Words and structures a reader meets early in French and English, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Surprised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Terrible
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.