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French and English
French and English

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of French and English is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.
It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.
Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.
To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.
He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

French and English

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of French and English is here in full — 248 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.
/wʊlf leɪ əˈpɑːn ə kaʊtʃ ɪn ə ˈkʌmfərtəbəl əˈpɑːrtmənt sʌtʃ æz hiː hæd nɑːt ˌɪnˈhæbətəd sɪns hiː set seɪl frʌm ˈɪŋɡlənd mʌnθs əˈɡoʊ/
Line 2
It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.
Line 3
Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.
/wʊlf hæd bɪn ðə laɪf ənd soʊl ʌv ðə siːdʒ/
Line 4
To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.
/tuː hɪz ˈdʒiːnjəs ənd ˌɪnˈdɑːmətəbəl ˌrezəˈluːʃən ðə ˈvɪktəri ʌv ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɑːrmz hæd bɪn ˈlɑːrdʒli duː/
Line 5
He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.
/hiː hæd fɔːrst hɪmˈself tuː teɪk ðə led ənd hæd tɔɪld naɪt ənd deɪ ɪn ðə ˈkraɪsəs ʌv ðə ˈstrʌɡəl ənd ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈtraɪəmf ənd ˈiːvɪn ˈæftər ðə ˈvɪktərz hæd mɑːrtʃt ɪn hɪz aɪz siːmd tuː biː ˈevriwer enˈfɔːrsɪŋ ˈdɪsəplən prɪˈventɪŋ ˈeni sɔːrt ʌv dɪˈsɔːrdər ɔːr ˈlaɪsəns əˈmʌŋst ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz ənd ˈstɜːrnli riˈpresɪŋ ðə ˈsmɔːləst əˈtempt ɑːn ðer pɑːrt tuː ˈplʌn.dər ðə ˈtaʊnzfoʊk ɔːr teɪk ðə ˈslaɪtəst ædˈvæntɪdʒ ʌv ðer ˈhelpləs kənˈdɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bastion noun US /ˈbæstʃən/

a group that defends a principle

From this reading “It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.”

enforcing verb US /enˈfɔːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “enforce” — ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading “He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.”

indomitable adjective US /ˌɪnˈdɑːmətəbəl/

impossible to subdue

From this reading “To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.”

licence noun US /ˈlaɪsəns/

excessive freedom; lack of due restraint

From this reading “He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.”

repressing adjective US /riˈpresɪŋ/

restrictive of action

From this reading “He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.”

townsfolk noun US /ˈtaʊnzfoʊk/

the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

From this reading “He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.”

victors noun US /ˈvɪktərz/

plural of “victor” — a combatant who is able to defeat rivals

From this reading “He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.”

Wolfe noun US /wʊlf/

United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)

From this reading “Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

BastionnounUS /ˈbæstʃən/

a group that defends a principle

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.

citadelnounUS /ˈsɪt.ə.del/

A fortress protecting a city, metaphorically representing the invincible inner sanctuary of the rational mind.

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

couchnounUS /kaʊtʃ/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

disciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

enforcingverbUS /enˈfɔːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “enforce” — ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

finaladjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

helplessadjectiveUS /ˈhelpləs/

lacking in or deprived of strength or power

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

indomitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɑːmətəbəl/

impossible to subdue

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

inhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhæbətəd/

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

licencenounUS /ˈlaɪsəns/

excessive freedom; lack of due restraint

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

plundernounUS /ˈplʌn.dər/

Goods or treasure taken by force or theft, especially in war or banditry.

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

preventingverbUS /prɪˈventɪŋ/

-ing form of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

repressingadjectiveUS /riˈpresɪŋ/

restrictive of action

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

slightestadjectiveUS /ˈslaɪtəst/

superlative of “slight” — (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with “a”) at least some

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

smallestadjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːləst/

superlative of “small” — limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Wolfe had been the life and soul of the siege.

sternlyadverbUS /ˈstɜːrnli/

with sternness; in a severe manner

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

townsfolknounUS /ˈtaʊnzfoʊk/

the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

victorsnounUS /ˈvɪktərz/

plural of “victor” — a combatant who is able to defeat rivals

From this reading He had forced himself to take the lead, and had toiled night and day in the crisis of the struggle and the final triumph; and even after the victors had marched in, his eyes seemed to be everywhere, enforcing discipline, preventing any sort of disorder or licence amongst the soldiers, and sternly repressing the smallest attempt on their part to plunder the townsfolk, or take the slightest advantage of their helpless condition.

victorynounUS /ˈvɪktəri/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading To his genius and indomitable resolution the victory of the English arms had been largely due.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was in the citadel itself--in the heart of the King's Bastion, where the Governor had his quarters.

WolfenounUS /wʊlf/

United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)

From this reading Wolfe lay upon a couch in a comfortable apartment, such as he had not inhabited since he set sail from England months ago.

Chapter 15 of French and English by Evelyn Everett-Green holds 248 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of French and English contain?

Chapter 15 holds 248 sentences of French and English, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of French and English by Evelyn Everett-Green exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 248 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of French and English?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading French and English

Common questions about reading French and English by Evelyn Everett-Green on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of French and English?

Yes. All 6277 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15958 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of French and English is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15958, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does French and English take to read?

About 523 minutes of reading across 1256 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read French and English section by section

How to work through French and English section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of French and English to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in French and English

Words and structures a reader meets early in French and English, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Surprised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Terrible
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French and English; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.