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French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays
French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays
Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.
The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.
I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.
The ascription varies.
Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.
Line 2
The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.
Line 3
I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.
/aɪ duː nɑːt prəˈfes ðem tuː biː ə kəmˈpliːt kəˈlekʃən ʌv hɜːr ˈstɔːriz ɪn vɜːrs/
Line 4
The ascription varies.
Line 5
Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Lays noun US /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading “_From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.”

mainly adverb US /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading “The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.”

Mason noun US /ˈmeɪsən/

American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

profess verb US /prəˈfes/

practice as a profession, teach, or claim to be knowledgeable about

From this reading “I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.”

scholars noun US /ˈskɑːlərz/

plural of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading “Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.”

Translated verb US /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

translations noun US /trænzˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “translation” — a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading “The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.”

varies verb US /ˈveriz/

third-person singular of “vary” — become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

From this reading “The ascription varies.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

ascriptionnoun

assigning some quality or character to a person or thing

From this reading The ascription varies.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

derivedadjectiveUS /dərˈaɪvd/

formed or developed from something else; not original

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

EugenenounUS /juːˈdʒiːn/

Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

includedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdəd/

enclosed in the same envelope or package

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

LaysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

Marie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

MasonnounUS /ˈmeɪsən/

American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

PoemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

professverbUS /prəˈfes/

practice as a profession, teach, or claim to be knowledgeable about

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

scholarsnounUS /ˈskɑːlərz/

plural of “scholar” — a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

suggestedverbUS /səˈdʒestɪd/

past form of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading _From the Lays of Marie de France_ _Translated by Eugene Mason_.

translationsnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “translation” — a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading The tales included in this little book of translations are derived mainly from the "Lays" of Marie de France.

variesverbUS /ˈveriz/

third-person singular of “vary” — become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

From this reading The ascription varies.

versenounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading I do not profess them to be a complete collection of her stories in verse.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

withdrawnadjectiveUS /wɪθˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading Poems which were included in her work but yesterday are withdrawn to-day, and new matter suggested by scholars to take the place of the old.

Chapter 1 of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays by de France, active 12th century Marie holds 424 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays contain?

Chapter 1 holds 424 sentences of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays by de France, active 12th century Marie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 424 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays

Common questions about reading French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays by de France, active 12th century Marie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays?

Yes. All 3785 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11417 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11417, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays take to read?

About 315 minutes of reading across 757 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays section by section

How to work through French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays

Words and structures a reader meets early in French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Marie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
France
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eugene
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.