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French without a master
French without a master

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of French without a master is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
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French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.
Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.
Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.
In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.
One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

French without a master

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of French without a master is here in full — 404 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.
Line 2
Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.
Line 3
Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.
Line 4
In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.
Line 5
One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bernard's noun US /bərˈnɑːrdz/

possessive form of “bernard” — French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

Cohan noun US /ˈkoʊhən/

United States songwriter and playwright famous for his patriotic songs (1878-1942)

From this reading “Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.”

comedies noun US /ˈkɑːmədiz/

plural of “comedy” — light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading “Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.”

contemporary adjective US /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading “Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.”

Farce noun US /fɑːrs/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading “French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.”

interferes verb US /ˌɪntərˈfɪrz/

third-person singular of “interfere” — come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle

From this reading “In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.”

raises noun US /ˈreɪzəz/

plural of “raise” — the amount a salary is increased

From this reading “Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.”

Tristan noun US /ˈtrɪstæn/

(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other

From this reading “French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

original text adjective + noun

In this reading “One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.”

foreign language adjective + noun

In this reading “One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.”

set forth verb + particle

state

In this reading “Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.”

most amusing adverb + adjective

In this reading “Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.”

interferes with verb + particle counted as “interfere with”

In this reading “In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.”

first time adjective + noun

In this reading “One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.”

on account preposition + noun

In this reading “One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.”

same relation adjective + noun

In this reading “Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

adaptedadjectiveUS /əˈdæptɪd/

changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

amusingadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

Barrett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

BernardnounUS /bərˈnɑːrd/

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

Bernard'snounUS /bərˈnɑːrdz/

possessive form of “bernard” — French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

BornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

Café

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

ClarknounUS /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

CohannounUS /ˈkoʊhən/

United States songwriter and playwright famous for his patriotic songs (1878-1942)

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

comediesnounUS /ˈkɑːmədiz/

plural of “comedy” — light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

comedynounUS /ˈkɑːmədi/

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

commentnounUS /ˈkɑːment/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

esclave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

FarcenounUS /fɑːrs/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

farces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

freshnessnounUS /ˈfreʃnəs/

the property of being pure and fresh (as if newly made); not stale or deteriorated

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

good-humor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

HnounUS /eɪtʃ/

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

interferesverbUS /ˌɪntərˈfɪrz/

third-person singular of “interfere” — come between so as to be hindrance or obstacle

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

L'Anglais

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

LenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

nait

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

parle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

Petit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

philosophicaladjectiveUS /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪkəl/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

playsnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

qu'on

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

raisesnounUS /ˈreɪzəz/

plural of “raise” — the amount a salary is increased

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

SlavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

strainnounUS /streɪn/

(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

tel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

theatricaladjectiveUS /θiˈætrɪkəl/

of or relating to the theater

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Many of his numerous plays are broad farces, but there is a philosophical strain running throughout which raises them out of the realm of the purely theatrical.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

TristannounUS /ˈtrɪstæn/

(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

typesnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One of Bernard’s earliest plays was “L’Anglais tel qu’on le parle,” which is here (necessarily, on account of the fact that English is used in the original text as a foreign language) adapted, for the first time in English.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In “On nait esclave” (“Born Slaves”) and “Le Petit Café” (“The Little Café”), for example, we find a serious comment on life; this, however, never interferes with the joyous course of the comedy, but rather forms a background.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Tristan Bernard stands in much the same relation to contemporary French drama as George Cohan does to that of our own country: in his comedies the most amusing types of the society of the day are set forth with a good-humor and freshness which gives them an individual charm all their own.

WithoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading French Without a Master: a Farce in One Act: by Tristan Bernard: Translated by Barrett H. Clark TRISTAN BERNARD.

Chapter 1 of French without a master by Tristan Bernard holds 404 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of French without a master contain?

Chapter 1 holds 404 sentences of French without a master, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of French without a master by Tristan Bernard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 404 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of French without a master?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading French without a master

Common questions about reading French without a master by Tristan Bernard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of French without a master?

Yes. All 802 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of French without a master is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does French without a master take to read?

About 66 minutes of reading across 161 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read French without a master section by section

How to work through French without a master section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 2 chapters of French without a master to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in French without a master

Words and structures a reader meets early in French without a master, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

French
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French without a master; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Without
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French without a master; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Master
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French without a master; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Farce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of French without a master; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.