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Friars and Filipinos
Friars and Filipinos

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Friars and Filipinos is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.
Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.
As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.
They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.
Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Friars and Filipinos

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Friars and Filipinos is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.
/ædˈventʃərz ʌv ə skuːl ˈtiːtʃər/
Line 2
Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.
Line 3
As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.
Line 4
They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.
Line 5
Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.
/tuː men drest ɪn diːp ˈmɔːrnɪŋ frʌm ə ˈlɔːfti haɪt ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt ðə siːn ɪn ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

awaken verb US /əˈweɪkən/

cause to become awake or conscious

From this reading “As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.”

contemplate verb US /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/

look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

From this reading “Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.”

elements noun US /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading “Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.”

Laguna noun US /ləˈɡuːnə/

a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral

From this reading “Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.”

mourning noun US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading “Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.”

nets noun US /nets/

plural of “net” — a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

From this reading “They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.”

sleeps noun US /sliːps/

plural of “sleep” — a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading “Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.”

tempest noun US /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading “Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eastern sky adjective + noun

In this reading “As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.”

deep mourning adjective + noun

In this reading “Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.”

SCHOOL TEACHER noun + noun

a teacher in a school below the college level

In this reading “ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.”

Two men noun + noun

In this reading “Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.”

dim distance adjective + noun

In this reading “As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.”

grey shadows adjective + noun counted as “grey shadow”

In this reading “As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.”

first rays adjective + noun counted as “first ray”

In this reading “As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.”

on the border preposition + article + noun counted as “on … border”

In this reading “As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.

ADVENTURESnounUS /ædˈventʃərz/

plural of “adventure” — a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

From this reading ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

awakenverbUS /əˈweɪkən/

cause to become awake or conscious

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

bordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

chorusnounUS /ˈkɔːrəs/

any utterance produced simultaneously by a group

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

contemplateverbUS /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/

look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

dimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

fishermen's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

LagunanounUS /ləˈɡuːnə/

a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

mourningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

myriads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

netsnounUS /nets/

plural of “net” — a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

phosphorescentadjective

emitting light without appreciable heat as by slow oxidation of phosphorous

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

sleepsnounUS /sliːps/

plural of “sleep” — a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

stillnessnounUS /ˈstɪlnəs/

(poetic) tranquil silence

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

TEACHERnounUS /ˈtiːtʃər/

a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading ADVENTURES OF A SCHOOL TEACHER.

tempestnounUS /ˈtempəst/

a violent commotion or disturbance

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

tranquillyadverb

without emotional agitation

From this reading Laguna de Bay, surrounded by mountains, sleeps tranquilly in the stillness of the elements, as if it had not joined the chorus of the tempest on the night before.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two men, dressed in deep mourning, from a lofty height contemplate the scene in silence.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading As first rays of dawn appear in the eastern sky and awaken the phosphorescent myriads in the water, long, grey shadows appear in the dim distance, almost on the border of the horizon.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading They are shadows of fishermen's boats at work drawing in the nets.

Chapter 10 of Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Friars and Filipinos contain?

Chapter 10 holds 120 sentences of Friars and Filipinos, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Friars and Filipinos?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Friars and Filipinos

Common questions about reading Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Friars and Filipinos?

Yes. All 6088 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30278 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Friars and Filipinos is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30278, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Friars and Filipinos take to read?

About 507 minutes of reading across 1218 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Friars and Filipinos section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Friars and Filipinos

Words and structures a reader meets early in Friars and Filipinos, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tagalog
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tangere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.