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Friars and Filipinos
Friars and Filipinos

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Friars and Filipinos is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
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TWO VISITORS.
Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.
So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.
Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.
A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Friars and Filipinos

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Friars and Filipinos is here in full — 62 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TWO VISITORS.
/tuː ˈvɪzɪtərz/
Line 2
Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.
Line 3
So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.
/soʊ ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː daɪˈvɜːrt hɪmˈself ənd tuː draɪv əˈweɪ ðə ˈɡluːmi aɪˈdiːə wɪtʃ dɪˈstræktəd hɪz maɪnd hiː bɪˈɡæn wɜːrk ɪn hɪz ˈsɑːləteri ˈlæbrətɔːri/
Line 4
Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.
/ˈmɔːrnɪŋ keɪm əˈpɑːn hɪm stɪl æt wɜːrk ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈmɪkstʃərz ənd ˈkɑːmpaʊndz tuː ðə ˈækʃən ʌv wɪtʃ hiː səbˈmɪtɪd ˈpiːsəz ʌv keɪn ənd ˈʌðər ˈsʌbstənsəz ənd ˈæftərwərd enˈkloʊzd ðem ɪn ˈnʌmbərd ənd siːld flæsks/
Line 5
A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.
/ə ˈsɜːrvənt ˈentərd əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə ərˈaɪvəl ʌv ə ˈpezənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

announcing verb US /əˈnaʊnsɪŋ/

-ing form of “announce” — make known; make an announcement

From this reading “A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.”

compounds noun US /ˈkɑːmpaʊndz/

plural of “compound” — a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts

From this reading “Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.”

divert verb US /daɪˈvɜːrt/

turn aside; turn away from

From this reading “So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.”

flasks noun US /flæsks/

plural of “flask” — bottle that has a narrow neck

From this reading “Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.”

laboratory noun US /ˈlæbrətɔːri/

a workplace for the conduct of scientific research

From this reading “So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.”

mixtures noun US /ˈmɪkstʃərz/

plural of “mixture” — (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading “Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.”

numbered verb US /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading “Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.”

substances noun US /ˈsʌbstənsəz/

plural of “substance” — the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading “Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

announcing the arrival verb + article + noun counted as “announce … arrival”

In this reading “A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.”

drive away verb + particle

force to go away; used both with concrete and metaphoric meanings

In this reading “So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.”

came upon verb + particle counted as “come upon”

find unexpectedly

In this reading “Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

afterwardadverbUS /ˈæftərwərd/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

announcingverbUS /əˈnaʊnsɪŋ/

-ing form of “announce” — make known; make an announcement

From this reading A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

canenounUS /keɪn/

a stick that people can lean on to help them walk

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

compoundsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpaʊndz/

plural of “compound” — a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

distractedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstræktəd/

having the attention diverted especially because of anxiety

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

divertverbUS /daɪˈvɜːrt/

turn aside; turn away from

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.

flasksnounUS /flæsks/

plural of “flask” — bottle that has a narrow neck

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

Ibarra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

laboratorynounUS /ˈlæbrətɔːri/

a workplace for the conduct of scientific research

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

mixturesnounUS /ˈmɪkstʃərz/

plural of “mixture” — (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

MorningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

peasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

sealedadjectiveUS /siːld/

established irrevocably

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading A servant entered, announcing the arrival of a peasant.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

substancesnounUS /ˈsʌbstənsəz/

plural of “substance” — the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

TWOnounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading TWO VISITORS.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Morning came upon him, still at work making mixtures and compounds to the action of which he submitted pieces of cane and other substances, and afterward enclosed them in numbered and sealed flasks.

VISITORSnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtərz/

plural of “visitor” — someone who visits

From this reading TWO VISITORS.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Ibarra found his mind in such a state that it was impossible for him to sleep.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading So, in order to divert himself and to drive away the gloomy idea which distracted his mind, he began work in his solitary laboratory.

Chapter 23 of Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal holds 62 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Friars and Filipinos contain?

Chapter 23 holds 62 sentences of Friars and Filipinos, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 62 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Friars and Filipinos?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Friars and Filipinos

Common questions about reading Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Friars and Filipinos?

Yes. All 6088 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30278 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Friars and Filipinos is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30278, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Friars and Filipinos take to read?

About 507 minutes of reading across 1218 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Friars and Filipinos section by section

How to work through Friars and Filipinos section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Friars and Filipinos

Words and structures a reader meets early in Friars and Filipinos, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tagalog
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tangere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.