Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Friars and Filipinos
Friars and Filipinos

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Friars and Filipinos is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Friars and Filipinos
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CHANGES.
The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.
He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:
"Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.
I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Friars and Filipinos

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Friars and Filipinos is here in full — 104 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHANGES.
/ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/
Line 2
The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.
Line 3
He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:
Line 4
"Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.
Line 5
I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

errors noun US /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

Esteemed adjective US /ɪˈstiːmd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading “"Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.”

illiterate adjective US /ˌɪˈlɪtərət/

not able to read or write

From this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

omitting verb US /oʊˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

punctuation noun US /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

punished adjective US /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading “I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.”

spelling noun US /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

translated verb US /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three days noun + noun

In this reading “"Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.”

Within three preposition + noun

In this reading “"Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.”

translated from verb + particle counted as “translate from”

In this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

just received adverb + adjective

In this reading “He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:”

pass without verb + particle

In this reading “I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

alferez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

CHANGESnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading CHANGES.

CousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

Doña

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

EsteemedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstiːmd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

illiterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlɪtərət/

not able to read or write

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

Linares

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

modestadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdəst/

marked by simplicity; having a humble opinion of yourself

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

omittingverbUS /oʊˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

punctuationnounUS /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

punishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

spellingnounUS /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

translatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

uneasyadjectiveUS /əˈniːzi/

lacking a sense of security or affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

Victorina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The modest Linares was serious and very uneasy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had just received a letter from Doña Victorina which, translated from the most illiterate Spanish, and omitting its many errors in spelling and punctuation, was as follows:

WithinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I don't want another day to pass without this animal being punished.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Esteemed Cousin:--Within three days I want to know from you if you have killed the alferez or he you.

Chapter 31 of Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal holds 104 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Friars and Filipinos contain?

Chapter 31 holds 104 sentences of Friars and Filipinos, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 104 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Friars and Filipinos?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Friars and Filipinos

Common questions about reading Friars and Filipinos by José Rizal on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Friars and Filipinos?

Yes. All 6088 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30278 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Friars and Filipinos is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30278, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Friars and Filipinos take to read?

About 507 minutes of reading across 1218 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Friars and Filipinos section by section

How to work through Friars and Filipinos section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Friars and Filipinos to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Friars and Filipinos

Words and structures a reader meets early in Friars and Filipinos, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Tagalog
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tangere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frank
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friars and Filipinos; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.