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Friends and Helpers
Friends and Helpers

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Friends and Helpers is here in full — 534 sentences across 107 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/106 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SPARROW.
One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.
Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.
The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.
Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Friends and Helpers

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Friends and Helpers is here in full — 534 sentences across 107 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/106 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SPARROW.
/ðə ˈsperoʊ/
Line 2
One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.
/wʌn ʌv ðə moʊst ˈkɑːmən ʌv ˈaʊər əˈmerəkən bɜːrdz ɪz ðə ˈsperoʊ ʌv wɪtʃ ðer ɑːr æz ˈmeni æz sɪkˈstiːn vərˈaɪətiz/
Line 3
Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.
Line 4
The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.
/ðə ˈsperoʊz ɑːr əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈɜːrliəst ˈkʌmərz ɪn ðə sprɪŋ ənd sʌm ʌv ðem steɪ wɪð ʌs θruː ðə ˈwɪntər/
Line 5
Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.
/ðer nests meɪ biː faʊnd ɪn ˈhedʒɪz ˈʌndər ˈbʊʃəz ɪn θɪk ɡræs tʌfts ənd ɪn loʊ ʃrʌbz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chipping noun US /ˈtʃɪpɪŋ/

the act of chipping something

From this reading “Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.”

comers noun US /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading “The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.”

hedges noun US /ˈhedʒɪz/

plural of “hedge” — a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes

From this reading “Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.”

nests noun US /nests/

plural of “nest” — a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading “Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.”

sparrow noun US /ˈsperoʊ/

any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects

From this reading “THE SPARROW.”

sparrows noun US /ˈsperoʊz/

plural of “sparrow” — any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects

From this reading “The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.”

tufts noun US /tʌfts/

plural of “tuft” — a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading “Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.”

varieties noun US /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading “One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

stay with verb + particle

In this reading “The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

bushesnounUS /ˈbʊʃəz/

plural of “bush” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

chippingnounUS /ˈtʃɪpɪŋ/

the act of chipping something

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

chippy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

comersnounUS /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

hedgesnounUS /ˈhedʒɪz/

plural of “hedge” — a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

nestsnounUS /nests/

plural of “nest” — a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

shrubsnounUS /ʃrʌbz/

plural of “shrub” — a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

SPARROWnounUS /ˈsperoʊ/

any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects

From this reading THE SPARROW.

sparrowsnounUS /ˈsperoʊz/

plural of “sparrow” — any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SPARROW.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

tuftsnounUS /tʌfts/

plural of “tuft” — a bunch of hair or feathers or growing grass

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Their nests may be found in hedges, under bushes, in thick grass tufts, and in low shrubs.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

varietiesnounUS /vərˈaɪətiz/

plural of “variety” — a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Those that we know the best are the field sparrow, the song sparrow, and the chipping sparrow, often called the chippy.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of the most common of our American birds is the sparrow, of which there are as many as sixteen varieties.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The sparrows are among the earliest comers in the spring, and some of them stay with us through the winter.

Chapter 6 of Friends and Helpers by Sarah J. (Sarah Jane) [Compiler] Eddy holds 534 sentences, grouped into 107 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Friends and Helpers contain?

Chapter 6 holds 534 sentences of Friends and Helpers, unabridged, divided into 107 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Friends and Helpers by Sarah J. (Sarah Jane) [Compiler] Eddy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 534 sentences, grouped into 107 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Friends and Helpers?

Work through the 107 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 107 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Friends and Helpers

Common questions about reading Friends and Helpers by Sarah J. (Sarah Jane) [Compiler] Eddy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Friends and Helpers?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Friends and Helpers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Friends and Helpers take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Friends and Helpers section by section

How to work through Friends and Helpers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Friends and Helpers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Friends and Helpers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Friends and Helpers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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