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Friends, though divided
Friends, though divided

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Friends, though divided is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A STUBBORN DEFENSE.
A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.
The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.
They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.
After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Friends, though divided

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Friends, though divided is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A STUBBORN DEFENSE.
/ə ˈstʌbərn dɪˈfens/
Line 2
A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.
Line 3
The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.
Line 4
They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.
Line 5
After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.
/ˈæftər ðə ˈraʊndhed ˈkænən hæd ˈfaɪərd ə fjuː ʃɑːts ðer ˈkævəlri tʃɑːrdʒd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ tuː raɪd ˈɪntuː ðə ˈvɪlədʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commence verb US /kəˈmens/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading “The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.”

defense noun US /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading “A STUBBORN DEFENSE.”

defenses noun US /dɪˈfensəz/

plural of “defense” — (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading “They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.”

half-dozen adjective US /ˈhæfdʌzən/

denoting a quantity consisting of six items or units

From this reading “A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.”

Roundhead noun US /ˈraʊndhed/

a brachycephalic person

From this reading “After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.”

stubborn adjective US /ˈstʌbərn/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading “A STUBBORN DEFENSE.”

troopers noun US /ˈtruːpərz/

plural of “trooper” — a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading “A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.”

willingness noun US /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

cheerful compliance

From this reading “The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A STUBBORN DEFENSE.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

chargedadjectiveUS /tʃɑːrdʒd/

of a particle or body or system; having a net amount of positive or negative electric charge

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

commenceverbUS /kəˈmens/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

DEFENSEnounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading A STUBBORN DEFENSE.

defensesnounUS /dɪˈfensəz/

plural of “defense” — (military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

dismounted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

fordnounUS /fɔːrd/

United States film maker (1896-1973)

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

half-dozenadjectiveUS /ˈhæfdʌzən/

denoting a quantity consisting of six items or units

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

Harry's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

oddsnounUS /ɑːdz/

the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

Ralph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

RoundheadnounUS /ˈraʊndhed/

a brachycephalic person

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

shotsnounUS /ʃɑːts/

plural of “shot” — the act of firing a projectile

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

straightwayadverb

at once

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

STUBBORNadjectiveUS /ˈstʌbərn/

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading A STUBBORN DEFENSE.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading After the Roundhead cannon had fired a few shots their cavalry charged, thinking to ride into the village.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

troopersnounUS /ˈtruːpərz/

plural of “trooper” — a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were at once dismounted and scattered along the line of defenses.

willingnessnounUS /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

cheerful compliance

From this reading The rest, however, seeing that a brave fight against odds was about to commence, declared their willingness to put themselves under Harry's orders.

Willoughby's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading A half-dozen or so of Sir Ralph Willoughby's troopers declared that now their lord was dead they would fight no further, and straightway rode off through the village and across the ford.

Chapter 8 of Friends, though divided by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Friends, though divided contain?

Chapter 8 holds 152 sentences of Friends, though divided, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Friends, though divided by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Friends, though divided?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Friends, though divided

Common questions about reading Friends, though divided by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Friends, though divided?

Yes. All 4608 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11565 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Friends, though divided is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11565, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Friends, though divided take to read?

About 384 minutes of reading across 922 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Friends, though divided section by section

How to work through Friends, though divided section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Friends, though divided to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Friends, though divided

Words and structures a reader meets early in Friends, though divided, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friends, though divided; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friends, though divided; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Furness
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friends, though divided; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Returned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Friends, though divided; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.