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From Canal Boy to President
From Canal Boy to President

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of From Canal Boy to President is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FROM CANAL-BOY TO PRESIDENT.
James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.
Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.
Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.
On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

From Canal Boy to President

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of From Canal Boy to President is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FROM CANAL-BOY TO PRESIDENT.
Line 2
James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.
/dʒeɪmz ə ˈɡɑːrfiːld hæd bɪn ɪˈlektəd tuː ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈsenət bʌt hiː wɑːz ˈnevər ə ˈmembər ʌv ðæt ˈbɑːdi/
Line 3
Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.
/bɪˈfɔːr ðə taɪm keɪm fɔːr hɪm tuː teɪk hɪz siːt hiː hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈvestəd wɪð ə ˈhaɪər ˈdɪɡnəti/
Line 4
Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.
Line 5
On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ballot noun US /ˈbælət/

a document listing the alternatives that is used in voting

From this reading “On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.”

Convention noun US /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading “On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.”

Garfield noun US /ˈɡɑːrfiːld/

20th President of the United States; assassinated by a frustrated office-seeker (1831-1881)

From this reading “James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.”

invested verb US /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading “Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.”

Representatives noun US /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading “Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.”

Republican noun US /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

a member of the Republican Party

From this reading “On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.”

Senate noun US /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading “James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.”

standard-bearer noun US /ˈstændərdˈberər/

an outstanding leader of a political movement

From this reading “On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1880

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

8th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

ballotnounUS /ˈbælət/

a document listing the alternatives that is used in voting

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

CANAL-BOY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FROM CANAL-BOY TO PRESIDENT.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

ConventionnounUS /kənˈvenʃən/

a large formal assembly

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

electedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading FROM CANAL-BOY TO PRESIDENT.

GarfieldnounUS /ˈɡɑːrfiːld/

20th President of the United States; assassinated by a frustrated office-seeker (1831-1881)

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

investedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

PRESIDENTnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading FROM CANAL-BOY TO PRESIDENT.

President-elect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

RepresentativesnounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪvz/

plural of “representative” — a person who represents others

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

RepublicannounUS /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

a member of the Republican Party

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

SenatenounUS /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

Senator-elect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Never before in our history has the same man been an actual member of the House of Representatives, a Senator-elect, and President-elect.

standard-bearernounUS /ˈstændərdˈberər/

an outstanding leader of a political movement

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

thirty-sixthadjective

the ordinal number of thirty-six in counting order

From this reading On the 8th of June, 1880, the Republican Convention at Chicago selected Garfield as their standard-bearer on the thirty-sixth ballot.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FROM CANAL-BOY TO PRESIDENT.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading James A Garfield had been elected to the United States Senate, but he was never a member of that body.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Before the time came for him to take his seat he had been invested with a higher dignity.

Chapter 31 of From Canal Boy to President by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 53 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of From Canal Boy to President contain?

Chapter 31 holds 53 sentences of From Canal Boy to President, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of From Canal Boy to President by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 53 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of From Canal Boy to President?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading From Canal Boy to President

Common questions about reading From Canal Boy to President by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of From Canal Boy to President?

Yes. All 2945 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14964 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of From Canal Boy to President is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14964, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does From Canal Boy to President take to read?

About 245 minutes of reading across 589 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through From Canal Boy to President section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in From Canal Boy to President

Words and structures a reader meets early in From Canal Boy to President, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Growing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Canal Boy to President; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wisdom
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Canal Boy to President; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Canal Boy to President; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
School
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Canal Boy to President; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.