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From John O'Groats to Land's End
From John O'Groats to Land's End

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of From John O'Groats to Land's End is here in full — 379 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for From John O'Groats to Land's End
Context Illustration Reading 66/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.
Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.
Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.
He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.
During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

From John O'Groats to Land's End

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of From John O'Groats to Land's End is here in full — 379 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 66/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 326–330

Line 1
It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.
Line 2
Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.
/əˈmʌŋst ðiːz ˈloʊnli ˈruːənz wiː spoʊk ʌv ðə pæst fɔːr hæd ˈaʊər ˈvɪzɪt bɪn θriː ˈsentʃəriz ˈɜːrliər ðə ˈdɪzməl saʊndz frʌm ðə siː bɪˈloʊ wʊd hæv ˈmɪŋɡəld wɪð ðoʊz frʌm ðə ənˈfɔːrtʃənət jʌŋ mæn tʃeɪnd ʌp ɪn ðæt ˈloʊðsəm ˈdʌndʒən huːz ˈoʊnli laɪt keɪm frʌm ə smɔːl hoʊl haɪ ʌp ɪn ðə wɔːl/
Line 3
Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.
Line 4
He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.
/hiː wɑːz kənˈfaɪnd ɪn ðæt oʊld ˈdʌndʒən fɔːr mɔːr ðæn sɪks lɔːŋ jɪrz bɪˈfɔːr deθ riˈliːst hɪm frʌm hɪz ˌɪnˈhjuːmən ˈperənt/
Line 5
During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

inhuman adjective US /ˌɪnˈhjuːmən/

without compunction or human feeling

From this reading “He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.”

keepers noun US /ˈkiːpərz/

plural of “keeper” — someone in charge of other people

From this reading “During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.”

laird noun US /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading “Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.”

loathsome adjective US /ˈloʊðsəm/

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading “Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.”

Murdoch noun US /ˈmɜːrdɑːk/

United States publisher (born in Australia in 1931)

From this reading “During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.”

Sinclair noun US /sɪnˈkler/

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)

From this reading “Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.”

widower noun US /ˈwɪdoʊər/

a man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading “Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.”

wooed verb US /wuːd/

past form of “woo” — seek someone's favor

From this reading “Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

affectionsnounUS /əˈfekʃənz/

plural of “affection” — a positive feeling of liking

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

AmongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

Caithness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

castlesnounUS /ˈkæsəlz/

plural of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

chainedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪnd/

bound with chains

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

chasms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

dismaladjectiveUS /ˈdɪzməl/

causing dejection

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

dungeonnounUS /ˈdʌndʒən/

the main tower within the walls of a medieval castle or fortress

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

eldestadjectiveUS /ˈeldəst/

first in order of birth

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

holenounUS /hoʊl/

an opening into or through something

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

imprisonedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

imprisonmentnounUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

Ingram

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

inhumanadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈhjuːmən/

without compunction or human feeling

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

keepersnounUS /ˈkiːpərz/

plural of “keeper” — someone in charge of other people

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

lairdnounUS /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

loathsomeadjectiveUS /ˈloʊðsəm/

causing or able to cause nausea

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

mingledverbUS /ˈmɪŋɡəld/

past form of “mingle” — to bring or combine together or with something else

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

moannounUS /moʊn/

an utterance expressing pain or disapproval

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

MurdochnounUS /ˈmɜːrdɑːk/

United States publisher (born in Australia in 1931)

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

parentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

pleasantest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

releasedverbUS /riˈliːst/

past form of “release” — release, as from one's grip

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

Roy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

SinclairnounUS /sɪnˈkler/

United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading During his imprisonment John had three keepers appointed over him--Murdoch Roy and two brothers named Ingram and David Sinclair.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

widowernounUS /ˈwɪdoʊər/

a man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was now getting dark, and not the pleasantest time to view old castles surrounded by black rocks with the moan of the sea as it invaded the chasms of the rocks on which they stood.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

wooedverbUS /wuːd/

past form of “woo” — seek someone's favor

From this reading Such was John, Master of Caithness, the eldest son of the fifth Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, who is said to have been imprisoned here because he had wooed and won the affections of the daughter of a neighbouring laird, marked out by his father, at that time a widower, for himself.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He was confined in that old dungeon for more than six long years before death released him from his inhuman parent.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Amongst these lonely ruins we spoke of the past, for had our visit been three centuries earlier, the dismal sounds from the sea below would have mingled with those from the unfortunate young man chained up in that loathsome dungeon, whose only light came from a small hole high up in the wall.

Chapter 2 of From John O'Groats to Land's End by John Anderton Naylor holds 379 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of From John O'Groats to Land's End contain?

Chapter 2 holds 379 sentences of From John O'Groats to Land's End, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of From John O'Groats to Land's End by John Anderton Naylor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 379 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of From John O'Groats to Land's End?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading From John O'Groats to Land's End

Common questions about reading From John O'Groats to Land's End by John Anderton Naylor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of From John O'Groats to Land's End?

Yes. All 8364 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #14415 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of From John O'Groats to Land's End is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #14415, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does From John O'Groats to Land's End take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1673 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through From John O'Groats to Land's End section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in From John O'Groats to Land's End

Words and structures a reader meets early in From John O'Groats to Land's End, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From John O'Groats to Land's End; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surrey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From John O'Groats to Land's End; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From John O'Groats to Land's End; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Steals
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From John O'Groats to Land's End; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.