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From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People
From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."
All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.
The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.
On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.
He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."
Line 2
All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.
/ɔːl ˈʌðər ˈkʌntriz laɪ ərˈaʊnd ˈtʃaɪnə ənd ɑːr ɪts ˈvæsəlz/
Line 3
The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.
/ðə ˈempərər ɪz kɔːld ðə sʌn ʌv ˈhevən ənd hoʊldz ðə səˈpriːm ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl ənd ˈtempərəl ˈpaʊər ɪn hɪz hændz/
Line 4
On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.
/ɑːn hɪz əkˈseʃən hiː ɡɪvz æn ˈɑːrbətreri neɪm tuː hɪz reɪn wɪtʃ ˈɔːlsoʊ bɪˈkʌmz hɪz oʊn/
Line 5
He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.
/hiː ˈtʃuːzəz hɪz səkˈsesər hɪmˈself frʌm əˈmʌŋ hɪz sʌnz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accession noun US /əkˈseʃən/

a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)

From this reading “On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.”

arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.”

chooses verb US /ˈtʃuːzəz/

third-person singular of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading “He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.”

schoolboy noun US /ˈskuːlbɔɪ/

a boy attending school

From this reading “"THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."”

situated adjective US /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading “"THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."”

successor noun US /səkˈsesər/

a person who follows next in order

From this reading “He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.”

temporal adjective US /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading “The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.”

vassals noun US /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

temporal power adjective + noun

In this reading “The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.”

in the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “"THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."”

other countries adjective + noun counted as “other country”

In this reading “All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

accessionnounUS /əkˈseʃən/

a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

arbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

ChinesenounUS /tʃaɪˈniːz/

any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

choosesverbUS /ˈtʃuːzəz/

third-person singular of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

HeavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

KINGDOMnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

MIDDLEnounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

quadrangularadjective

of or relating to or shaped like a quadrangle

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

schoolboynounUS /ˈskuːlbɔɪ/

a boy attending school

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

SonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.

spiritualadjectiveUS /ˈspɪrɪtʃuːəl/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

successornounUS /səkˈsesər/

a person who follows next in order

From this reading He chooses his successor himself from among his sons.

supremeadjectiveUS /səˈpriːm/

final or last in your life or progress

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

temporaladjectiveUS /ˈtempərəl/

not eternal

From this reading The Emperor is called the "Son of Heaven," and holds the supreme spiritual and temporal power in his hands.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading "THE MIDDLE KINGDOM" The first things a Chinese schoolboy is taught are that the sky is round, the earth quadrangular, and that China is situated in the middle of the earth, and on that account is called the "Middle Kingdom."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

vassalsnounUS /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading All other countries lie around China and are its vassals.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On his accession he gives an arbitrary name to his reign, which also becomes his own.

Chapter 10 of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People by Sven Anders Hedin holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People contain?

Chapter 10 holds 398 sentences of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People by Sven Anders Hedin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People

Common questions about reading From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People by Sven Anders Hedin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People?

Yes. All 7999 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20709 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20709, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1600 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People section by section

How to work through From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People

Words and structures a reader meets early in From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Macmillan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Canada
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Toronto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of From Pole to Pole: A Book for Young People; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.