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From Seven to Seventy
From Seven to Seventy

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of From Seven to Seventy is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.
But not so in the provinces.
From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.
I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.
The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

From Seven to Seventy

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of From Seven to Seventy is here in full — 313 sentences across 63 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.
/ˈbrɪtəni speɪn əˈmerəkə ɪz ə ˈkʌntri wɪˈθaʊt trəˈdɪʃən ənd ðə lɑːrdʒ ˈsɪtiz ʌv ˈjʊrəp ɑːr tuː ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətən tuː ˌɪmˈpres wʌn wɪð ðə fækt ʌv fɪkst ˈmænərz ənd ˈmɔːrəlz/
Line 2
But not so in the provinces.
/bʌt nɑːt soʊ ɪn ðə ˈprɑːvənsəz/
Line 3
From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.
Line 4
I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.
/aɪ felt æz ɪf aɪ hæd ˈsʌdənli plʌndʒd bæk ˈɪntuː ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪdʒəz/
Line 5
The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.
/ðə ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃənz ˈmænərz ˈkʌstəmz ənd dres æz wel æz aɪˈdiːəz ʌv boʊθ ðoʊz ˈpleɪsəz wɜːr ənˈtʃeɪndʒd frʌm ˈsentʃəriz əˈɡoʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Breton noun US /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading “From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.”

Brittany noun US /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

cosmopolitan adjective US /ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətən/

growing or occurring in many parts of the world

From this reading “_Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.”

impress verb US /ˌɪmˈpres/

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

From this reading “_Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.”

morals noun US /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading “_Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.”

provinces noun US /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading “But not so in the provinces.”

superstitions noun US /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃənz/

plural of “superstition” — an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading “The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.”

unchanged adjective US /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading “The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Middle Ages noun + noun counted as “middle age”

the time of life between youth and old age (e.g., between 40 and 60 years of age)

In this reading “I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.”

several months adjective + noun counted as “several month”

In this reading “From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.”

large cities adjective + noun counted as “large city”

In this reading “_Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.”

into the Middle preposition + article + noun counted as “into … middle”

In this reading “I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.”

lived in verb + particle counted as “live in”

live in the house where one works

In this reading “From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.”

in the provinces preposition + article + noun counted as “in … province”

In this reading “But not so in the provinces.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

81

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

86

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

AgesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

BretonnounUS /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

BrittanynounUS /ˈbrɪtəni/

a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But not so in the provinces.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

Concarneau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

cosmopolitanadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlətən/

growing or occurring in many parts of the world

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

Elche

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

impressverbUS /ˌɪmˈpres/

have an emotional or cognitive impact upon

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But not so in the provinces.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

moralsnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But not so in the provinces.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

plungedverbUS /plʌndʒd/

past form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

provincesnounUS /ˈprɑːvənsəz/

plural of “province” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading But not so in the provinces.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But not so in the provinces.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading I felt as if I had suddenly plunged back into the Middle Ages.

superstitionsnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃənz/

plural of “superstition” — an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading From ’81 to ’86, I lived in Concarneau, on the Breton coast, and made a trip of several months into Elche, Spain.

unchangedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʃeɪndʒd/

not made or become different

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The superstitions, manners, customs, and dress, as well as ideas, of both those places, were unchanged from centuries ago.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading _Brittany; Spain_ America is a country without tradition, and the large cities of Europe are too cosmopolitan to impress one with the fact of fixed manners and morals.

Chapter 7 of From Seven to Seventy by Edward Simmons holds 313 sentences, grouped into 63 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of From Seven to Seventy contain?

Chapter 7 holds 313 sentences of From Seven to Seventy, unabridged, divided into 63 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of From Seven to Seventy by Edward Simmons exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 313 sentences, grouped into 63 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of From Seven to Seventy?

Work through the 63 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 63 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in From Seven to Seventy

Words and structures a reader meets early in From Seven to Seventy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of From Seven to Seventy, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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